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Classes of developmental trajectories of body mass index: Differences in motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness

Authors:	Vitor P Lopes Till Utesch Luis P Rodrigues

Institution:	1. Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Instituto Politécnico De Bragan?a, Bragan?a, Portugalvplopes@ipb.pthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-2180;3. Department of Sport Psychology, University of Münster, Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Münster, Germany;4. Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer De Melga?o, Instituto Politécnico De Viana Do Castelo, Melga?o, Portugalhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-3600

Abstract:	ABSTRACT The purpose was to identify classes of different developmental trajectories of BMI and testing them for differences in motor competence (MC) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), in children and adolescents (4 to 13 years of age). This was a 5 years’ longitudinal study with six cohorts. One hundred and forty-seven children (69 girls) divided into six cohorts participated. At baseline, the youngest and the oldest cohorts had 4 and 11 years of age, respectively. Height and weight were assessed, and BMI was calculated. MC was assessed with KTK and TGMD-2, and CRF was assessed with one-mile run/walk. Developmental trajectories of BMI were identified using latent class linear-mixed modelling. Latent class membership was explained according to covariates of MC and CRF. Two meaningful classes were identified. Class 1 (78.92% of the participants) showed lower initial BMI and a lower slope compared to class 2 (21.08% of the participants) (all ps < 0.001). Class membership only predicted trajectories in motor coordination, with children in class 1 having a better development. In conclusion, this study identified two meaningful trajectories for children based on their BMI development across five time points. In line with previous research, children with slower increasing BMI showed better motor coordination improvements.

Keywords:	Obesity physical activity motor skills motor performance longitudinal study

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