| “方向的顺时针90°移位”差错与平面四方观念中的B种类型——同日本学者大叶升一先生商榷,兼谈北半球人类方向的演变 |
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| 引用本文： | 阿尔丁夫.“方向的顺时针90°移位”差错与平面四方观念中的B种类型——同日本学者大叶升一先生商榷,兼谈北半球人类方向的演变[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,41(2):56-66. |
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| 作者姓名： | 阿尔丁夫 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古师范大学文学院,内蒙古呼和浩特,010022 |
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| 摘 要： | 日本学者大叶升一从元朝、伊利汗国文献中网罗了10个"方向的顺时针90°移位"的例子。若是将这10个例子中涉及的方向标在今地图相对应的位置上的话,即可发现,整个方位超前了90°。这就是"方向的顺时针90°移位"。东亚和西亚的文人为什么会犯"同一错误"呢?在他看来,他们所共同依据的札马剌丁从伊利汗国带到元朝的《回回图子》本身便存在这种错误。笔者认为,"方向的顺时针90°移位"根本不是什么"错误",而是由于确定四方方式的不同导致的差异。现行的四方仿佛是根据面南者的体位确定的,而10个例子及我提出的若干个例子则仿佛是根据面向东者的体位确定的。迄今尚不为学界所知的后一种确定四方的方式确定的四方,先是使用前右后左,我称之为A种类型;后是使用南西北东作为今天东南西北的名称,我称之为B种类型。大叶升一和我举出的例子,全是B种类型四方概念的反映。B种类型四方概念中的"南"、"北",对应今天四方概念中的东、西;"东"、"西",对应今天四方概念中的北、南。二者之间只存在形式上的差异,而不存在实质区别。
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| 关 键 词： | 元朝 伊利汗国文献 方位错误 回回图子 面向日出方向者 体位 确定四方方式 “南” “西” “北” “东” |
Errors of 900 Clockwise Shift of Direction and Type B in the Plane Four-direction Concept --A Discussion with Japanese Scholar Ooba SHouichi on the Direction Evolution of Human Beings of Northern Hemisphere |
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| Institution: | A’ERDINGFU(College of Liberal Arts,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,China 012000) |
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| Abstract: | Japanese scholar Dayeshengyi collected 10 examples of 900 clockwise shift of direction from the documents of the Yuan Dynasty and Yili Khanate.If the directions in these 10 examples were marked in the correspondent positions of present maps,we could find that the position advanced 900,and this is the 900 clockwise shift of direction.Why intellectuals in east and west Asia commited the "same error"? In his eyes,in Hui Hui Tu Zi(brought by Zhamalading from Yili Khanate to the Yuan Dynasty) which they referred to,there is such a mistake in itself. In the autho’s opinion,the 900 clockwise shift of direction is not an "error" at all,but is the result caused by the different style of defining the four directions.The present four directions seem to be defined by the position of one facing the south,while the ten examples and other examples offered by the author seem to be defined by the position of one facing the east.The latter way is not known in the academic field till now.It at first uses front,right,back and then left,which the author calls Type A;later it uses south,west,north and east as the names of the east,the south,the west and the north nowadays,which the author calls Type B.Examples by Dayeshengyi and the author are all reflections of Type B four directions.The south and the north in Type B are correspondent to the east and the west nowadays,while the east and the west are correspondent to the north and the south.They are only different in form,but the same in nature. |
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| Keywords: | the Ytran Dynasty document of Yili Khanate direction error Hui Hui Tu zi one facing the sun-rise direction position way of defining the four directions the south the west the north the east |
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