| 中国东北典型黑土区土地整理规划设计模式 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵华甫,吴克宁,王自威,王金满,靳取货,刘园秋.中国东北典型黑土区土地整理规划设计模式[J].资源科学,2011,33(5):929-934. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵华甫 吴克宁 王自威 王金满 靳取货 刘园秋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京,100083;国土资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京,100035
2. 中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京,100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年基金（编号：40901287）；国土资源部公益性行业基金项目（编号：200811106）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 东北黑土地区是我国主要的粮食主产区和商品粮基地之一,受漫岗地形、过度利用、降水集中等因素影响,该区土壤正面临着黑土层变薄、肥力下降、盐渍化等问题困扰。科学开展并实施土地整理规划设计是现阶段平整土地,重建生态,防治水土流失和培肥地力的重要途径。本文针对东北典型黑土区——黑龙江省海伦市伦河镇的自然资源特点和农业经济发展态势,探讨人与自然和谐观的指导下,问题导向和框架导向相结合的土地整理规划设计理念和模式;在分析该区土地利用的主要矛盾基础上,提出了包括土地平整、田间道路、农田水利、居民点整治、育秧控温、黑土保育等工程布局;并针对冻期长、极端低温低,冻融交替致道路、渠道和桥涵等损毁这一寒地黑土区特有现象,提出了易拆装、抗冻融渗漏的渠道设计和抗返浆田间道路等特色设计。
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| 关 键 词： | 土地整理 规划 设计 典型黑土 伦河镇 海伦市 东北地区 |
Planning and Design Modes of Land Consolidation in Typical Black Soil of Northeastern China |
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| ZHAO Huafu,WU Kening,WANG Ziwei,WANG Jinman,JIN Quhuo and LIU Yuanqiu.Planning and Design Modes of Land Consolidation in Typical Black Soil of Northeastern China[J].Resources Science,2011,33(5):929-934. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Huafu WU Kening WANG Ziwei WANG Jinman JIN Quhuo and LIU Yuanqiu |
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| Institution: | School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China;School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China;School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China;School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Relying on fertile black soil resources, northeastern China has been developed as the biggest commodity grain base. Meanwhile, for hilly terrains, excessive use of concentrated rainfall and from other reasons, black soil is facing heavy soil erosion, fertility decline, and soil salinization, etc. Reasonably conducting and implementing land consolidation planning and design through ecological reconstruction, erosion control, and soil fertility are sound ways to cure those problems. Based on characteristics of natural resources and agricultural economic development trends in northeastern China, the authors discussed concepts, and planning and design technologies targeted for land consolidation in Lunhe Town, Hailun County, Heilongjiang Province. Guided by the philosophy of harmony between human and nature, the frame-oriented method and problem-oriented approach were jointly used to analyze the key problems and technologies needed for the land consolidation project in this area. Results of frame-oriented method analysis show that factors, like unreasonable land use spatial patterns, imperfect road systems, and fragmental ditches, are the major problems in the study area. Physical conditions, such as hilly terrains, concentrative rainfall, long-term extreme low temperature, and societal reasons such as mismanagement and deforestation, can not only lead to heavy soil degradation and serious damage of hydraulic constructions, ditches, and roads, but also result in low productivity and an imbalance among ecosystems. A series of engineering projects were proposed, such as land leveling projects, irrigation and drainage engineering, and road engineering residential renovation, etc. Meanwhile, other innovative methods of special land consolidation engineering design, such as easy disassembly, anti-freeze & anti-leakage back to plasma channel design, and anti-road-mudding road design, were suggested to reduce destruction of infrastructure due to alternating extreme low temperature and freeze-thaw climates in northeastern China. This paper can provide a basis for areas in cold regions where land consolidation planning strategies and design are needed. |
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| Keywords: | Land consolidation planning Land consolidation design Typical black soil Lunhe town Hailun county Northeast China |
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