The Effect of Knowledge of Results Delay and the Subjective Estimation of Movement Form on the Acquisition and Retention of a Motor Skill |
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| Authors: | John Liu Craig A Wrisberg |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physical Education , Bryan College , USA;2. Department of Cultural Studies Unit , The University of Tennessee–Knoxville , USA |
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| Abstract: | Abstract This study examined the effects of knowledge of results (KR) delay and subjective estimation of movement form on the acquisition and retention of a motor skill. During acquisition, four groups of participants performed 60 trials of a throwing accuracy task under the following conditions: (a) immediate KR, (b) delayed KR, (c) immediate KR + form estimation, and (d) delayed KR + form estimation. Retention tests of throwing accuracy and outcome error estimation in the absence of visual KR were administered 5 min and 24 hours following acquisition. Throwing accuracy was significantly higher during acquisition but significantly lower during retention for immediate-KR participants than for delayed-KR participants. However, participants who estimated their movement form during acquisition produced significantly higher throwing accuracy and lower estimation error during retention than those who did not. |
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| Keywords: | kinesthesis knowledge of results throwing outcome-expectancy values |
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