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| 塔里木河上游土地利用格局变化及其影响因子分析 | |
| 引用本文： | 贡 璐,潘晓玲,师庆东,王志明,高 炜.塔里木河上游土地利用格局变化及其影响因子分析[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):71-75. |
| 作者姓名： | 贡 璐 潘晓玲 师庆东 王志明 高 炜 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐,830046;新疆绿洲生态重点实验室,鸟鲁木齐,830046;干旱半干旱可持续发展国际研究中心,乌鲁木齐,830046 2. 干旱半干旱可持续发展国际研究中心,乌鲁木齐,830046;美国农业部林业局,美国科罗拉多州,80526 3. 干旱半干旱可持续发展国际研究中心,乌鲁木齐,830046;美国科罗拉多州立大学,美国科罗拉多州,80523 |
| 基金项目： | 新疆大学校科研和教改项目，国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) |
| 摘 要： | 塔里木河上游地区是典型的生态脆弱带和环境危机带,对以人类活动为主导的区域水土资源的开发反响强烈,主要表现在其土地利用的景观空间格局随水土资源开发程度而发生的变化.本研究以景观生态学的前沿理论和方法为指导,借助3S技术和数理统计软件,在现代绿洲-荒漠陆地生态系统研究成果的基础上,较系统的分析了1990年～2000年塔里木河上游地区阿克苏-阿瓦提绿洲土地利用格局变化,同时对变化的影响因子进行探讨.研究表明,研究区10年间土地利用格局变化显著,农田、居民点、盐碱地景观大面积增加,草地、林地、水域、湿地景观都有不同程度的减少;整个地区景观多样性指数、均匀度指数减少,优势度指数、破碎度指数增加,人类对生态景观的干扰程度不断增强.引起变化的主要驱动因子是人为因素,其中,经济因素和人口因素是引起农田变化的主要因子.随着人类活动的加强,景观更趋破碎,这也是人类改造与利用自然景观的趋势所在. |
| 关 键 词： | 塔里木河上游 土地利用 景观格局 影响因子 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588(2005)04-0071-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年12月13 |
Land Use Pattern and Influential Factors in the Upper Reaches of Tarim River |
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| Gong Lu,PAN Xiao-ling,SHI Qing-dong,WANG Zhi-ming,GAO Wei.Land Use Pattern and Influential Factors in the Upper Reaches of Tarim River[J].Resources Science,2005,27(4):71-75. | |
| Authors: | Gong Lu PAN Xiao-ling SHI Qing-dong WANG Zhi-ming GAO Wei |
| Abstract: | The Tarim River basin is an ecologically sensitive area and a key area for biodiversity protection and global-change research. After 40 years of development, the upper reaches have become important in grain and cotton production in China.With continued rapid development of the area's economy, much of the natural landscape of grassland and forest is undergoing conversion to cropland. The utilization of land and water resources has created much of the present-day variation in landscape pattern.Based on the research on oasis-desert ecosystem, with the frontier theory of landscape ecology, changes of land use pattern of Akesu-Awati oasis from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed through the technological train of 3S and statistics. Its influencing factors were also identified. Landsat TM images were collected between 1990 and 2000. The ARC/INFO GIS system was adopted to complete editing, labeling, projection, transformation, edge matching and overlaying processes. Statistical analysis was facilitated by principal component analysis (PCA). The output of PCA was generated by SPSS. The research shown that the changes of pattern are notable. The landscape patches such as cropland, residential site and saline land increase rapidly in contrary to reduction of grassland, forestland, water area and wetland to different degree. The changes among different landscape indexes are not always consistent with the overall trend. This may indicate that changes in landscape pattern are unstable, and that people have elasticity of operation in creating future landscapes. At the same time, desert still comprises the largest area and accounts for over half the total landscape area. The fractal dimension and landscape dominance increase while landscape diversity and evenness decline. These changes indicate that the minor landscape types are in control of the landscape and the disturbance from humankind is continuously enhanced. Although both natural and socioeconomic factors influence landscape change, socioeconomic factors predominate in the short run. This can be seen from changes in cropland when selected as the analyzed object. Economy and population are the main factors producing changes in cropland area. The impact of human activity on landscape pattern in the research area is becoming increasingly prevalent. |
| Keywords: | The upper reaches of Tarim River Land use Landscape pattern Influential factor |
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