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Autoshaping of initial feeding and drinking reactions in newly hatched chicks |
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| Authors: | Guy Woodruff M David Starr |
| Institution: | 1. University of Pennsylvania, 19174, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2. University of Pennsylvania Primate Facility, 19344, Honey Brook, Pennsylvania 3. Educational Testing Service, 08540, Princeton, New Jersey |
| Abstract: | Newly hatched chicks were force-fed food and water throughout rearing, and food, water, or sand reinforcers during exposure to an omission-training procedure. The chicks were thus prevented from performing approach and contact responses to the reinforcer at any time in their lives. Nevertheless, the subjects displayed approach and species-specific feeding or drinking reactions directed toward an illuminated key paired with food or water, but not with sand. Illumination of a key either uncorrelated or negatively correlated with food or water did not engender appreciable responding. Feeding and drinking reactions were topographically distinct, determined by the type of reinforcer, but were not elicited by the reinforcer. These findings support a “learned release” view of autoshaping, according to which phylogenetically preorganized behavior patterns are triggered by distal stimuli paired with biologically significant proximal stimulation, and suggest a close relationship between autoshaping and primitive instances of visual object recognition. |
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