| 明代以前黑河流域耕地面积重建 |
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| 引用本文： | 汪桂生,颉耀文,王学强,余林,史志林.明代以前黑河流域耕地面积重建[J].资源科学,2013,35(2):362-369. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汪桂生 颉耀文 王学强 余林 史志林 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000;兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000
2. 兰州大学敦煌学研究所,兰州,730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目:“黑河流域历史时期水土资源开发利用的空间格局演变”(编号:91025010);国家科技支撑计划:“气候变化对沙漠化影响与风险评估技术”(编号:2012BAC19B09)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 受人类活动变迁影响,黑河流域作为我国西北地区重要产粮基地以及大规模绿洲农业开发最早地区之一,其境内的耕地规模自古至今变化十分频繁.由于文献记载的有限性和疏漏性,目前关于区域内明代以前的耕地面积历史变化情况的分析十分欠缺.本文选择文献较丰富的汉、唐和元代,依据历史文献资料和前人研究成果,以人口数据为基础,运用基于人均耕地面积和粮食产量两种途径重建了黑河流域明代以前耕地面积.前者按各时期屯田制度,结合人均垦地面积分别重建民户耕地和军屯占地情况,汇总两类耕地面积进行重建,后者利用人均粮食消耗、耕地单产情况估算人均耕地需求,再结合人口数据重建耕地总量.重建结果表明黑河流域明代以前耕地面积以西汉时期为最大,达(16.30～19.49)万hm2,其后总体呈下降趋势,东汉、唐代与元代的面积分别为(9.57～11.80)万hm2,(3.59 ～3.93)万hm2和3.19万hm2.对比表明两种重建结果基本一致,证实了重建结果具有可靠性并在一定程度上可以反映研究时期内耕地规模的变化趋势.
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| 关 键 词： | 土地利用 耕地面积 明代以前 黑河流域 |
Data Reconstruction of Heihe River Basin Cultivated Land Area prior to the Ming Dynasty |
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| WANG Guisheng,XIE Yaowen,WANG Xueqiang,YU Lin and SHI Zhilin.Data Reconstruction of Heihe River Basin Cultivated Land Area prior to the Ming Dynasty[J].Resources Science,2013,35(2):362-369. |
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| Authors: | WANG Guisheng XIE Yaowen WANG Xueqiang YU Lin and SHI Zhilin |
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| Institution: | College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems with the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems with the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems with the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems with the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;Institute of Dunhuang Studies, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | As an important agricultural grain base in northwest China and one of the earliest regions with large-scale oasis agricultural development,the Heihe River basin has undergone much change since ancient times. Due to the limitations and omissions of historical records on agricultural production,analysis of changes in cultivated land area before the Ming Dynasty is lacking. Selecting the Han,Tang and Yuan Dynasties with relatively rich historical documents as research periods,two different reconstruction methods based on per person cultivated land area and grain yield were used to reconstruct the quantity of cultivated land area across the Heihe River basin prior to the Ming Dynasty. Results show that the area of cultivated land reached maximal value during the Western Han Dynasty (from 16.30×104 hm2 to 19.49×104 hm2). Following this dynasty,cultivated land area declined during the Eastern Han,Tang and Yuan Dynasties,with areas from 9.57×104 hm2 to 11.80×104 hm2,from 3.59×104 hm2 to 3.93×104 hm2 and 3.19×104 hm2 in each period. Comparing the two reconstruction methods showed that the former one is largely in line with the latter one,and confirms the reliability of reconstruction results and changes in cultivated land. |
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| Keywords: | Land use Cultivated land area Periods before the Ming Dynasty Heihe River basin |
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