| 农业节水研究进展及未来发展战略 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 杨永辉,胡玉昆,张喜英.农业节水研究进展及未来发展战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2012,27(4):455-461. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 杨永辉 胡玉昆 张喜英 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄050021 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家“973”项目2010CB951002和科技部国际合作专项2009DFA21690 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 世界大多数地区水资源短缺都与农业生产有关,作为用水大户,农业水资源高效利用对于解决区域水资源短缺和保障粮食生产可持续发展具有极其重要的作用。我国农业节水研究经过20多年来的发展,逐步实现了从最初以农田节水特别是强调农田工程节水为主向更注重改良作物遗传品质节水、农田节水与区域水资源管理节水并重,以及多水源综合利用节水的多学科节水研究体系,大大提高了我国农田节水的潜力。然而生产实践中,受我国社会经济发展水平特别是小农经济制约,我国的农田节水水平和农田水分利用效率还不高,急需通过政府、民间的多渠道投入,通过机制和管理创新,建立起适合各地区经济发展水平的从供水环节、田间节水到区域水资源管理的现代综合农田灌溉节水体系,保障我国未来粮食安全。
|
| 关 键 词： | 水资源短缺 水分利用 灌溉节水 生物节水 管理节水 |
Agricultural Water-saving: Recent Progress and Future Challenges |
| |
| Yang Yonghui,Hu Yukun and Zhang Xiying.Agricultural Water-saving: Recent Progress and Future Challenges[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012,27(4):455-461. |
| |
| Authors: | Yang Yonghui Hu Yukun and Zhang Xiying |
| |
| Institution: | Yang Yonghui Hu Yukun Zhang Xiying (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,CAS 050021Shijiazhuang) |
| |
| Abstract: | In most areas of the world,water shortage is caused by over use of water in agricultural sector.As the biggest user,improvement on water use efficiency(WUE) in agriculture is crucial for solving regional water shortage and securing food production especially for China,with the highest population in the world.After over 20 years’ development,China’s water-saving agricultural research has expanded from original mainly focusing on field water-saving to three scales: genetics level to improve WUE of single crop through crop breeding,field level to improve WUE by efficiently controlling water transfer in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Continuum(SPAC),and spatial or regional level to improve WUE by monitoring and managing agricultural water use and by regulating crop patterns.Meanwhile,studies on efficient use of multiply water resources such as brackish water,waste water,rainwater and even sea water are also carried out.Such studies have greatly increased the potential for keeping an acceptable food production under water shortage condition.However,present economic condition and especially individual small farm land limited the application of modern technologies and development of basic infrastructures for modern irrigation.Future efforts should more rely on governmental input to improve irrigation infrastructure to secure China’s irrigation area and irrigation WUE.Meanwhile,in field level,water-saving will rely on farmers’ incentive to adopt new technologies of water saving.And thus,development and application of suitable field water-saving technology,high WUE crops,technologies for spatial and farmer level water use monitoring,and water policies to regulate farmers’ water use and saving are all important for a successful water-saving society in agriculture. |
| |
| Keywords: | water shortage water use efficiency field water-saving spatial water-saving water policy |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《中国科学院院刊》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《中国科学院院刊》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
