| 我国教育经费结构:回顾与展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈晓宇.我国教育经费结构:回顾与展望[J].教育与经济,2012(1):21-28. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈晓宇 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学 教育学院, 北京 100871 |
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| 摘 要： | 随着我国教育经费的增长,经费分配的公平和使用效率等结构性问题将引起更多重视。本文在前人研究的基础上,总结我国的历史数据,比较他国的有关数据资料,对我国教育经费的来源结构、分配结构和使用结构进行了回顾与展望。研究认为:1、在可以预见的未来,主要由于预算内教育经费的增加,我国教育经费来源结构总体上将呈现财政性教育经费占比缓慢提高的趋势;未来更长时期的变化,将主要受政府政策选择的影响。2、在分配结构方面,短期内初等教育经费占全国教育经费的比例会因为政策支持而有所提升,但从长远来看,中等教育和高等教育将由于规模的扩大而在总经费中占据更大比重。3、在生均经费方面,以绝对货币单位表示的三级教育生均成本将会继续提高,但以生均成本指数(生均成本占人均GDP的比例)来看,未来我国初等教育生均成本指数会继续提高,高等教育的长期趋势有可能是继续下降。3、在教育经费使用结构方面,本文以地方小学的数据验证了人员经费占事业经费比重与事业经费充足程度之间的关系,证明经费的内部结构可以作为监测教育经费充足程度的指标,认为未来随着总体经费紧张程度的缓解,总体上看,教育经费中人员经费在事业经费中的比例将继续降低。
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| 关 键 词： | 教育经费结构 来源结构 分配结构 使用结构 |
Structure of China Education Finance: Issues and Prospects |
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| Xiaoyu CHEN.Structure of China Education Finance: Issues and Prospects[J].Education & Economy,2012(1):21-28. |
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| Authors: | Xiaoyu CHEN |
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| Institution: | Xiaoyu CHEN(Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China) |
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| Abstract: | Eased financial constraints led to more attention on structural issues such as equity and efficiency in education finance in China.This study examined the mobilization,distribution and utilization of Chinese education funds by ratios and structure based on a historical and international comparison approach.Finding that: a) with the increase of government allocation to education,China education is becoming more dependent on public finance,but further trends remain unclear.b) The proportion of primary education in total education funds is rising in the recent future while eventually,secondary and higher education will account for more in a longer run.c) Unit cost of education will continue its increase in all three levels,but as a percentage of GDP per capita,unit cost of higher education is going down.d) The proportion of personnel expenditure in education funding,which is declining,can be used as an indicator of degree of financial adequacy in education. |
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| Keywords: | education finance structure source structure distribution structure utilization structure |
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