Braided composite materials for the production of lightweight, high rigidity golf shafts |
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| Authors: | Douglas Steven S Swanek Jason Carey |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 4-9 Mechanical Engineering building, T6G 2G8 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Braiding is not currently used in the production of golf shafts. The objective of this work was to develop, through a modelling
process consisting of altering lamina sequence, a golf shaft, using braided laminas, which would have mass, stiffness and
torque comparable to commercially available composite and steel shafts. A 2D conical braided composite model was previously
developed and validated to predict elastic constants of braided closed meshed structures. Energy methods were used to calculate
the stiffness and torque of shafts using prescribed industry approaches. Shaft mass was calculated based on geometry and density
of constitutent materials. Modelled shafts had both braided and unidirectional layers and compared favourably with or were
better than commercially available composite and steel shafts in terms of deflection force and twist angle; they had the same
weight as composite shafts but were much lighter than steel shafts. If these findings are verified, braided composites would
be a viable and effective approach to the design of future golf shafts. |
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| Keywords: | golf equipment effect of stacking sequence braiding golf shafts composite materials |
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