| 儒学与孙中山的革命学说 |
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| 引用本文： | 张昭军.儒学与孙中山的革命学说[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005(2):86-94. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张昭军 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学,历史系,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部科学技术研究项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 孙中山革命思想的实际内容就是三民主义,它与儒学究竟有着怎样的关系?一种 观点从构建孔、孙道统论出发,力图把孙中山儒家化,把三民主义儒学化,认为孙中山思想是中国 孔、孟道德的复活;另一种观点则相反,断然否定孙中山思想曾受儒学影响,强调二者在本质上的 不同。实际上,孙中山革命思想既与传统儒学有质的差别,又明显受到儒学的影响。具体言之, 民族主义经历了由传统的华夏中心主义发轫,到逐渐扬弃儒家文化中的消极成分,吸收西方民族 理论精华而上升为现代性民族主义理论的转变,在这一过程中,儒学在构筑其民族性方面起了关 键性作用。民权主义学说,是取法西方民主制度,反观中国民本思想,结合中国实际而生成的中 西合璧式的理论成果,其中,西方民主制度的影响远远大于儒家思想的影响。民生主义学说除受 亚当·斯密和亨利·乔治等人的社会经济学说以及俄国马克思主义的影响外,儒家大同思想也 是不可忽视的重要来源之一。一定程度上说,儒学与孙中山革命思想的关系所呈现出的复杂性 和多样性也就是儒家文化现代化的一个缩影,其中的利弊得失发人深省。
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| 关 键 词： | 孙中山 儒学 三民主义 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-0209(2005)02-0086-09 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年11月11日 |
Confucianism and SUN Yat-sen's Revolutionary Doctrine |
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| ZHANG Zhao-jun.Confucianism and SUN Yat-sen's Revolutionary Doctrine[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Science Edition),2005(2):86-94. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Zhao-jun |
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| Abstract: | The practical content of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thought can be straightforwardly identified as San Min Zhuyi (Three Principles of the People; TPP); but how is it inherently related to Confucianism? There are two main standpoints about this. One tries to associate SUN Yat-sen with Confucian, alias his TPP with Confucianism; that is, Sun's thought should be a lineage and revival of Confucianism and Menciusism, the purpose of which is to establish a Confucian orthodox from Confucian to SUN Yat-sen. The other denies any relationship in between. For my understanding, SUN's doctrine differs inherently from Confucianism while the former has received some overt impact from the latter. To be specific, his idea of nationalism had come, while discarding the dross, out of the traditional China-centrality creed, with the essentials of western nationalistic theory, the combination of the two having mounted to a transformation into the new modern nationalistic theory, along the process of which Confucianism played a crucial role in constructing the theory of nationality. The Principle of Democracy has resulted from the western democracy system, with the view of "people as the basis of nation" from the Chinese tradition, hence a theoretical integration. Here the western democracy system has a far greater influence than Confucianism does. But as for the Principle of People's Livelihood, the Confucian idea of Great Harmony is a non-negligible important source apart from Adam Smith and Henry George's social economics and Russian Marxism. It might be then claimed that the complexity and diversification of the relationship between Confucianism and SUN's revolutionary thoughts should be a epitome of the modernization of Confucian culture. |
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| Keywords: | SUN Yat-sen Confucianism Three Principles of the People |
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