| 中国主要农区畜禽粪尿资源分布及其环境负荷 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘 忠,段增强.中国主要农区畜禽粪尿资源分布及其环境负荷[J].资源科学,2010,32(5):946-950. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘 忠 段增强 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目，"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 基于分县农业统计数据,以我国化肥区划二级区中的主要农区为研究单元,估算了我国畜禽粪便资源量总量及在主要农区的分布,并以单位耕地面积猪粪当量负荷为指标评价了畜禽粪便区域环境风险。结果表明,2003年我国畜禽粪便产生量为26.6亿t猪粪当量。黄淮海平原区和长江两岸平原区是畜禽粪便产生量最大的两个区域,累积超过全国畜禽粪便量的20%。全国24个农区中有4个区的猪粪当量负荷超过30t/hm2的环境限量,有9个区的猪粪当量负荷超过20t/hm2的全国平均值。随着畜禽养殖日益集约化,各区域内部畜禽养殖业也存在着极大的不平衡性,因此除了上面提到的4个高环境风险区外,其他区域内部也有局部高风险区的存在。
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| 关 键 词： | 畜禽养殖 畜禽粪便 猪粪当量负荷 环境风险 中国 |
Distribution of Manure Resources and Environmental Loads of Agro-ecological Regions in China |
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| LIU Zhong and DUAN Zengqiang.Distribution of Manure Resources and Environmental Loads of Agro-ecological Regions in China[J].Resources Science,2010,32(5):946-950. |
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| Authors: | LIU Zhong and DUAN Zengqiang |
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| Abstract: | Rapid development of livestock farming of intensive levels makes the environmental problems stemming from livestock and poultry manure receive increasing concerns. Manure from traditional family livestock and poultry breeding at a relatively smaller scale can be utilized as organic fertilizer for fields, which would generally not cause serious environmental pollution. Currently, major large-scale aquaculture farming areas occupy a large proportion. If livestock and poultry manure could not be scientifically and strictly managed, emissions from livestock manure can probably be delivered to a range of water bodies, resulting in adverse impacts on soil and atmospheric environments. On the one hand, mismanagement of animal wastes will become a major source of environmental pollution. On the other hand, livestock and poultry manure are considered a valuable resource as fertilizer, energy and feed. Based on agricultural statistics at county levels, in the present work, the amount of manure resources produced in animal husbandry for different ecological regions in China was estimated. Regional distribution of manure resources was also presented for major farming regions. Furthermore, equivalent pig excrement per hectare cropland was calculated with the excrement of livestock, corresponding conversion coefficient and cropland area. As a potential pollution load indicator, equivalent pig excrement per hectare cropland was used in evaluation of regional environment risks. Results showed that the amount of excrement of livestock expressed as equivalent pig excrement was 2.66 billion t. The Huang-Huai-Hai plain and Yangtze riverside plain were shown to be the largest regions in terms of the amount of excrement of livestock, generally accounting for more than 20%. There were 4 regions where pollution loads represented by equivalent pig excrement per hectare cropland exceeded 30t/hm2 that was considered a critical value among major 24 farming regions. It was also found that the four regions mentioned above were hilly areas in northern Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, hilly basins in southwestern Henan Province, the Yanshan and Taihang Mountain areas and the plain/hilly areas in southern Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, respectively. Pollution loads in 9 regions were found to exceed 20 t/hm2, a mean of pollution load for all regions as a whole. The nine regions were hilly areas in western Hunan and Hubei provinces, the Guizhou Plateau, the mountain plains in northern Yunnan Province, the Huang-Huai-Hai plain, the hilly areas in southeastern Fujian Province, the hilly and tableland areas in Hainan Province, the Changbai Mountain, the southern hilly areas and hilly areas in Shandong Province. It was expected that due to continued development of scale animal husbandry, the unbalance of animal husbandry in different regions and interior regions will be increased significantly. As a result, in addition to the four regions mentioned, local high pollution risks caused by animal husbandry will also exist over other regions. |
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| Keywords: | Excrement Equivalent pig excrement loads Environment risk China |
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