| 从严重受伤到重返冬奥:一位高风险项目运动员的心理康复历程 |
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| 引用本文： | 李丹阳,张力为.从严重受伤到重返冬奥:一位高风险项目运动员的心理康复历程[J].体育科学,2020(3):28-38. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李丹阳 张力为 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京体育大学心理学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2019YFF0301600)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 许多冬季项目都具有比较高的损伤风险,如单板滑雪、高山滑雪和自由式滑雪等。如何帮助这些高风险项目的运动员应对运动损伤的挫折和康复治疗的挑战,是备战北京冬奥会面临的重要课题。研究介绍了心理保障团队如何帮助一位中国自由式滑雪空中技巧受伤运动员LGZ应对康复困难并重返国际比赛的心理康复历程。基于中国运动员心理建设系统,为LGZ的心理康复训练制订了三重目标:1)减少运动损伤的心理应激,积极参与康复治疗,尽早回归正常的训练和比赛;2)提高自我控制能力,形成良好的行为习惯,以平稳的心态参加训练和比赛;3)提升文化素养和精神境界,不断完善自我,促进终生发展。从2017年2月—2018年2月,在历时1年的心理训练中,共对其进行了5种心理干预:提供心理支持、实施表象训练、开展心理讲座、制订比赛预案和提供心理咨询;还通过心理测试来监控运动员的心理状态,并采用运动员个人评价、主管教练评价和竞技比赛表现来评估心理训练的效果。在为期1年的心理训练结束时,这名运动员逐渐克服了运动损伤所带来的焦虑,建立了伤后康复的自信,提高了自我控制的能力,并在平昌冬奥会上取得了她个人的最佳成绩,获得了冬奥会奖牌。这一案例提示我们“术道兼修”的心理训练具有一定成效,也带给我们许多反思。
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| 关 键 词： | 运动员 运动损伤 心理康复 中国运动员心理建设系统 自我控制 术道兼修 |
From Serious Injury to Returning toWinter Olympics:The Psychological Rehabilitation Process of A High-risk Sport Athlete |
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| LI Danyang,ZHANG Liwei.From Serious Injury to Returning toWinter Olympics:The Psychological Rehabilitation Process of A High-risk Sport Athlete[J].China Sport Science,2020(3):28-38. |
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| Authors: | LI Danyang ZHANG Liwei |
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| Institution: | (School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China) |
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| Abstract: | Many winter game sports,such as snowboarding,alpine skiing and freestyle skiing,have high risk of serious injuries.How to help athletes in these high-risk game sports to cope with the setbacks of sports injuries and the challenges of rehabilitation therapy is an important issue for preparing for the Beijing Winter Olympics.The present study describes the process of the psychological service team helped an injured athlete named LGZ in the China freestyle skiing aerials team to recover from difficulties and return to the international competition.Based on the Chinese athletes’psychological construction system,three goals were set for LGZ’s psychological rehabilitation training:Firstly,reducing the psychological stress caused by sports injuries,participating in rehabilitation treatment actively,and returning to normal training and competition as soon as possible;Secondly,improving self-control ability,establishing good behavior habits,participating in training and competition with a steady state of mind;Finally,improving cultural literacy and spiritual realm,improving herself constantly and promoting lifelong development.From February 2017 to February 2018,five kinds of psychological interventions were carried out in one-year psychological training,including providing psychological support,performing imagery training,conducting psychological lectures,formulating pre-match routine and providing psychological counseling.Psychological tests were used to monitor the mental state,and the efficacy of psychological training were assessed by athlete self-evaluation,supervisor coach evaluations,and athletic competition performance.At the end of the one-year psychological training,the athlete gradually overcame the anxiety caused by sports injuries,established confidence in post-traumatic rehabilitation,improved self-control ability,and achieved her personal best to win a medal in the PyeongChang Winter Olympics.This case suggests that the psychological training of“combination of skill orientation and spirit orientation”has certain effects and it brings us a lot of reflections. |
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| Keywords: | athlete sports injury psychological rehabilitation Chinese Athletes’ Psychological Construction System self-control the combination of skill orientation and spirit orientation |
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