| PCR技术在法医生物学中的应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 崔雨荣.PCR技术在法医生物学中的应用[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(教育科学版),1998(4). |
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| 作者姓名： | 崔雨荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古轻工业学校!包头014045 |
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| 摘 要： | 遗传学认为,DNA是人体性状及遗传变异的物质基础,它是遗传信息的携带者.DNA决定着我们的肤色、性别、身高、健康状况等个体特征.每个人的DNA都是不完全一样的.在法医学上,往往需要鉴别现场留下的物证是否属于犯罪嫌疑人.传统的方法主要是通过指纹、脚印、唇纹、化学物质等物证进行核对,这在一些情况下能起到作用.然而,有时候犯罪分子相当狡猾,或者现场被破坏的很严重,根本找不到上述痕迹.但是在理论上,只要犯罪分子在现场留下血渍、精斑、头发、阴毛、唾液等,通过分析其中的DNA,仍可查获真凶.另外,也可通过分析在现场找到的死者的残留物(如毛发、牙齿、骨骼等)中所含的DNA,来验明他们的真实身份.以前由于这些物证中DNA的含量甚微,再加上无法排除在分析时受到的干扰,DNA分析还或多或少是一种幻想.直到1985年,诺贝尔奖获得者Kary mullis发明了聚合酶链反应(polymerasechain reaction,PCR).再加上1988年Saiki对PCR的重大改进,才使DNA分析在法医学领域的应用取得了惊人的突破.所谓PCR,就是通过特定的DNA序列作为引物,在酶的作用下,经过几十次循环,使目的DNA得以快速复制、扩增,从而得到足以进行检测和分析的目的DNA片段.目的DNA(或称模板DNA)就好象是“轮子”,引物好象有汽车的“方向”,酶好象是“(?)力
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Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques in Forensic Biology |
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| Cui Yurong.Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques in Forensic Biology[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Education Science Edition),1998(4). |
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| Authors: | Cui Yurong |
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| Abstract: | Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was created in 1985, it has been used to amplify genomic DNA fragments from small amounts of samples. Modification of the PCR are being developed dramatically into forensic biology, the paper reviews briefly certain valuable protocals such as DNA fingerprinting, mtDN A sequence analysis and PCRbased DNA hybridization etc. Though there are some Units , the PCR techniques and qpplication have great potential benefit for the analysis of forensic casework, including human identification and prternity testing. |
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| Keywords: | polmerase chain reaction (PCR) forensic biology parentage analysis indivadual identification |
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