| 从道光二十四年诺们罕案件看《钦定藏内善后章程》 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 赖惠敏.从道光二十四年诺们罕案件看《钦定藏内善后章程》[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(6):72-90,152. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 赖惠敏 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中央研究院近代史研究所,台北11529 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 本文承蒙中研院史语所明清档案工作室李慧敏女士转写藏文,谨此致谢! |
| |
| 摘 要： | 乾隆五十三年（1788）廓尔喀兴兵入侵后藏，五十六年（1791）第二次入侵，这战争暴露清朝治理西藏问题，因而乾隆五十七年（1792）颁布《钦定藏内善后章程》，此章程规定藏内诸事应统归驻藏大臣管理，由驻藏大臣整顿边防、吏治、财税各方面。道光二十四年（1844）发生诺们罕被控案件．呈显《钦定藏内善后章程》的执行问题。诺们罕担任达赖喇嘛商上摄政，扩大职权侵欺达赖喇嘛商上库银以及田庄，而聚集财富于他私人的祝庆寺。任用职官方面，诺们罕从未与驻藏大臣协商，纵容属下勒索喇嘛。又，诺们罕私自给商民照票，让他们往来西藏与边境的贸易。清朝政府按照喇嘛例文六条“喇嘛等犯罪令先革退喇嘛”，将他剥除袈裟革退。诺们罕诸多贪渎罪状，并没按照《大清律例》监守官吏侵盗仓库银两一千两以上例，斩监候处决．仅将他发遣黑龙江。这案件所呈显清朝对西藏的宗教政策，值得进一步讨论。
|
| 关 键 词： | 《钦定藏内善後章程》 速赖喇嘛 《大清律例》 |
To View the Imperially for the Restoration of Governance in Endorsed Regulations Tibet from Nomonkhan Case in 1844 |
| |
| Institution: | Huimin, LAI (Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taipei,Taiwan 11529) |
| |
| Abstract: | In 1788 Kurkha sent troops to invade Tibet proper, and second invading again in 1791, that revealed the administration problem of Qing Dynasty in Tibet. Hence, ＂Imperially Endorsed Regulations for the Restoration of Governance in Tibet＂was enacted, on which stipulated all inner administration of Ti- bet should be under supervising of Qing Imperial Residents in Tibet, and who was in charge of every aspect of frontier military affairs, administration of officials, and taxation. In 1844, Nomonkhan was accused for taking bribes which exposed enforcement faults of＂Imperial En- dorsed Regulation for Restoration of Governance Tibet＂. Nomonkhan was in charge of commercial admin- istration for Dalai Lama. He expanded the authority and pocketed the commercial funds and farms of La- ma, gathered all the fortune in his private Chu-Ching TempleHe never consulted with Qing Imperial Resi- dents in Tibeton official personnel, connived his subordinates to extort Lama. Moreover, he secretly gave trade permits to dealers, so they could travel Tibet and frontiers of China for business. Qing Dynasty stripped off his Buddhisticcassockand cashiered his position in accordance of the sixth article of Lama regu- lation ＂Whenever Lamas had committed a crime, first stripping their monk title＂. Nomonkhanhad commit- ted great numbers of bribes, Qing Dynasty just sent him to Heilongjiang （Amur River） instead ofdecapi- tated death in accordance of The Qing Codeon which an official embezzled over 1 000 taels should be sen- tenced to decapitated death. This case revealed the policy of Qing dynasty on Tibet religion is worth for further discussion. |
| |
| Keywords: | The Imperially Endorsed Regulations for the Restoration of Governance in Tibet Dalai Lama The Qing Code |
| 本文献已被 维普 等数据库收录！ |
|
