| 西藏农牧业转型发展的战略取向及其路径抉择 |
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| 引用本文： | 余成群,钟志明.西藏农牧业转型发展的战略取向及其路径抉择[J].中国科学院院刊,2015,30(3):313-321. |
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| 作者姓名： | 余成群 钟志明 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 中科院科技服务网络计划(STS)项目(KFJ-EW-STS070),西藏自治区重大专项“草专项” |
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| 摘 要： | 我国西藏自治区农牧业正稳步向现代农业转变,但存在一系列问题与矛盾。农牧业生产体系整体布局存在一定程度的错位,导致农牧业资源配置产生扭曲、利用效率低下,是西藏自治区现代农业产业体系发展缓慢的主要障碍因素。经营主体、经营方式以及社会化服务体系远不能满足西藏自治区现代农业发展的要求。实施粮食安全保障战略向食物安全保障战略转变,实现农牧业可持续发展,是西藏农牧业发展的必然趋势与内在要求。构建以青稞产业、农区畜牧业与设施农业为产业发展重点,以现代农业生产体系、经营体系与社会化服务体系为内涵的现代农业产业体系是西藏现阶段农牧业转型发展的根本出路。
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| 关 键 词： | 西藏自治区 农牧业 转型发展战略 路径抉择 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/4/10 0:00:00 |
Discussion on Development Transformation Strategies and Path Choices of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet |
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| Yu Chengqun and Zhong Zhiming.Discussion on Development Transformation Strategies and Path Choices of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015,30(3):313-321. |
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| Authors: | Yu Chengqun and Zhong Zhiming |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | As a special agricultural geographical unit, Tibet deserves distinguishing local feature and characteristics of ethnics and culture. How to tap the potential of ecological, cultural, and agricultural resources, and how to adjust and implement the development transformation strategies, according to the development situation, problems and contradictions, and economic development environment change inside and outside the region, are the major issues that must be solved to develop modern agriculture and animal husbandry at present in Tibet. There is a series of problems and contradictions even though agriculture and animal husbandry are steadily moving towards modern mechanism in the region. Resources allocation distortions and low utilization efficiency due to a certain extent dislocation in integral distribution are the obstacles of developing the agriculture and animal husbandry industrial system. Management main body, mode of business operations, and social service system are beyond the need of modern agriculture development in Tibet Autonomous Region. Enforcing change from grain safety strategy to food safety strategy and realization of sustainable agriculture are the inevitable trend and internal requirement of agriculture and animal husbandry development in Tibet. Under the macroscopical guidance of development transformation strategies, based on identifying development priorities and paths, constructing the modern agricultural industry system of plateau characteristics to promote sustainable income increase for farmers and herdsmen is a major task that must be completed in order to realize the construction of a well-off society in all ways and great-leap-forward development in Tibet. Modern agricultural industry is a multi-level and mixed mode system including industries of food security, supply of raw materials, resources development, ecological protection, economy development, cultural inheritance, and market services. Agricultural industry is the form of agricultural function in the economic and social spheres. A number of factors slow the development of agricultural industry system in Tibet, and its functions now are relatively monotonous. Construction of modern agricultural industry system with emphases of highland barley, livestock husbandry in agriculture area and greenhouse agriculture, and with contents of modern production system, operating system and socialization service system, is the fundamental way out for transformation development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet. Highland barely is the pillar of crop farming and grain security, especially grain ration security, and the major income sources of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet Autonomous Region. Highland barley industry is not only the inevitable choice for the harsh natural environment, but also the current basic industry for the development of modern agriculture in Tibet. Moderate scale stockbreeding in the agricultural regions bears the major strategic tasks for the development of ecological animal husbandry and the promotion of agro-pastoralist'' income. It is also the hope of the construction of modern animal husbandry industry in Tibet. Therefore, to develop the moderate scale of stockbreeding in the agricultural regions is an inevitable trend in the animal husbandry development in Tibet. Facility agriculture can optimize the rich luminous energy resources and the water-soil resources. It overcomes the main crop growth barrier of insufficient heat under the natural conditions by reducing the heat loss and temperature control in the region. Facility agriculture is also the advanced direction of As a special agricultural geographical unit, Tibet deserves distinguishing local feature and characteristics of ethnics and culture. How to tap the potential of ecological, cultural, and agricultural resources, and how to adjust and implement the development transformation strategies, according to the development situation, problems and contradictions, and economic development environment change inside and outside the region, are the major issues that must be solved to develop modern agriculture and animal husbandry at present in Tibet. There is a series of problems and contradictions even though agriculture and animal husbandry are steadily moving towards modern mechanism in the region. Resources allocation distortions and low utilization efficiency due to a certain extent dislocation in integral distribution are the obstacles of developing the agriculture and animal husbandry industrial system. Management main body, mode of business operations, and social service system are beyond the need of modern agriculture development in Tibet Autonomous Region. Enforcing change from grain safety strategy to food safety strategy and realization of sustainable agriculture are the inevitable trend and internal requirement of agriculture and animal husbandry development in Tibet. Under the macroscopical guidance of development transformation strategies, based on identifying development priorities and paths, constructing the modern agricultural industry system of plateau characteristics to promote sustainable income increase for farmers and herdsmen is a major task that must be completed in order to realize the construction of a well-off society in all ways and great-leap-forward development in Tibet. Modern agricultural industry is a multi-level and mixed mode system including industries of food security, supply of raw materials, resources development, ecological protection, economy development, cultural inheritance, and market services. Agricultural industry is the form of agricultural function in the economic and social spheres. A number of factors slow the development of agricultural industry system in Tibet, and its functions now are relatively monotonous. Construction of modern agricultural industry system with emphases of highland barley, livestock husbandry in agriculture area and greenhouse agriculture, and with contents of modern production system, operating system and socialization service system, is the fundamental way out for transformation development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet. Highland barely is the pillar of crop farming and grain security, especially grain ration security, and the major income sources of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet Autonomous Region. Highland barley industry is not only the inevitable choice for the harsh natural environment, but also the current basic industry for the development of modern agriculture in Tibet. Moderate scale stockbreeding in the agricultural regions bears the major strategic tasks for the development of ecological animal husbandry and the promotion of agro-pastoralist'' income. It is also the hope of the construction of modern animal husbandry industry in Tibet. Therefore, to develop the moderate scale of stockbreeding in the agricultural regions is an inevitable trend in the animal husbandry development in Tibet. Facility agriculture can optimize the rich luminous energy resources and the water-soil resources. It overcomes the main crop growth barrier of insufficient heat under the natural conditions by reducing the heat loss and temperature control in the region. Facility agriculture is also the advanced direction of various models of moderate scale management in Tibet''s farming and animal husbandry transition at present stage. In brief, the development of this region should cope with the different regional resources endowment, focus on Tibet highland barley industry, stockbreed in agricultural areas and facility agriculture, develop characteristic planting, leisure agriculture, tourism agriculture, and other farming and animal husbandry production pattern. It is also suggested that the family-based management should advance to the mutual development of family-based management, collective management, cooperation management, and enterprise management. Meanwhile, new professional farmers and herdsmen are cultivated, as well as big-specialized-households of crop and animal productions, family farms, cooperatives, and leading enterprises. Finally, the government service system should be continually reformed, perfected, and strengthened in service function of agriculture and animal husbandry to provide comprehensive, systematic, integrative service for the agriculture and animal husbandry industry development. |
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| Keywords: | discussion development transformation strategies agriculture and animal husbandry path choices Tibet |
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