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| 松华坝流域生态补偿标准和效率研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 李云驹,许建初,潘剑君.松华坝流域生态补偿标准和效率研究[J].资源科学,2011,33(12):2370-2375. |
| 作者姓名： | 李云驹 许建初 潘剑君 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 南京农业大学,南京210095／中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650204 2. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650204／山地生态系统研究中心,昆明650204 3. 南京农业大学,南京,210095 |
| 基金项目： | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识创新工程：“松华坝流域土地利用和气候变化对水资源的影响及生态补偿研究”(编号：20071201)。 |
| 摘 要： | 确定生态补偿标准和评估生态补偿效率一直是生态补偿研究的热点和难点之一，直接关系到生态补偿实施的公平性和有效性。本文以云南省滇池松华坝流域为研究对象，对生态补偿标准的计算方法进行了评价和分析，并对不同生态补偿措施的生态补偿标准、生态服务功能及生态补偿效率进行了探讨。研究结果表明：依照生态服务功能价值法计算的生态补偿标准（2．69×10^4元/hm^2）可以作为流域退耕还林生态补偿标准的上限。依机会成本法计算的生态补偿标准因受市场影响而存在较大的市场风险，不宜直接作为确定补偿标准的依据。根据意愿调查法计算的补偿标准（1．28×10^4元/hm^2）可直接作为确定流域生态补偿标准的依据。机会成本法和意愿调查法相结合有利于确定更为合理的生态补偿标准。研究还表明不同的生态补偿措施具有不同的生态补偿效率，在假定的生态补偿措施中，种植结构调整、坡地退耕还林、平地退耕还林和水土保持措施的生态补偿效率依次降低。研究也暗示在实施生态补偿中应重视生态补偿措施的选择和生态补偿效率的评估。 |
| 关 键 词： | 生态补偿标准 生态补偿效率 生态补偿机制 松华坝流域 |
Discussion on Standards and Efficiency of Payment for Ecosystem Services in the Songhuaba Watershed |
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| LI Yunju,XU Jianchu and PAN Jianjun.Discussion on Standards and Efficiency of Payment for Ecosystem Services in the Songhuaba Watershed[J].Resources Science,2011,33(12):2370-2375. | |
| Authors: | LI Yunju XU Jianchu and PAN Jianjun |
| Institution: | Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China;Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming 650204, China;Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China |
| Abstract: | Determination of payment for ecosystem services (PES) standards and assessment of PES efficiency have received much attention and are key topics for implementation of PES, which often directly affect the fairness and effectiveness of PES. A case study was carried out to investigate PES mechanisms in the Songhuaba watershed, a vital part of Dianchi (the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan Province). The Songhuaba watershed is one of the major water sources for urban water supply in Kunming City, providing water for three million people living in the city and accounting for approximately half of the total water supply for Kunming. However, as society and economy develop and population increases, water eutrophication has become increasingly serious in the Songhuaba watershed. A marked degradation in water quality has threatened the safety of drinking water and thus influenced sustainable development of Kunming. In this study, different methods of calculating payment standards were analyzed and assessed using data from household questionnaire surveys. Furthermore, payment standards, ecosystem service functions, and efficiency of different PES practices in this watershed were examined. Results show that payment standards calculated using ecosystem service values (26 900Yuan/hm2) can be used as the upper limit in PES. Nevertheless, these standards calculated merely by opportunity cost were highly variable under the influence of market demanding and thus should be used with caution as a reference standard. On the other hand, data obtained through questionnaire investigations into the willingness of PES (12 800Yuan/hm2) could serve as a reliable reference for determination of standards for PES. A combination of these two methods could therefore be useful to make a better decision on determination of PES standards. Different PES practices have different efficiency. Amongst the proposed PES practices, adjustment of industry structure has the highest efficiency, followed by conversion of sloping cropland into forest, conversion of cropland into forest, and soil and water protection. In addition, our findings confirm that quantitative analysis of PES efficiency based on particular PES standards and specific functions of certain ecosystem services is of great significance in many aspects for successful PES, including selection of reasonable PES projects, improvement of systems for setting PES standards, increase in capital utilization efficiency in PES, and enhancement of feasibility and fairness of PES. Results also suggest that more attention should be paid to the selection of appropriate PES practices and assessment of their efficiency for a better implementation of PES. |
| Keywords: | PES standards PES efficiency PES mechanisms SonghuabaWatershed |
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