| 德性论与规范论 |
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| 引用本文： | 崔宜明.德性论与规范论[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002,34(3):95-99,114. |
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| 作者姓名： | 崔宜明 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所,上海,200062 |
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| 摘 要： | 德性论的基本问题是：应当做一个什么样的人？规范论的基本问题是：一个人应当做什么以及应当怎样做？前者把道德落实于人的内在品质，后者把道德落实于人的外在行为。德性论关注的是人的内在品质，以人的道德品质作为道德评价的中心，是实质主义的；规范论关注的是人的外在行为，它不再强调人的内在品质，而以行为是否符合普遍的规范形式作为道德评价的中心，是形式主义的。社会的道德评价体系从德性论到规范论的转型，其积极的意义是肯定了个人在成为一个什么样的人这一领域内的自我决定的权利，即肯定了个人的自由和自主，而将普遍性的规范限制在共同的社会生活领域，也就是人的外在行为的领域。但是，由于规范论仅仅关注对个人外在行为的约束和限制，而在关于个人追求自我完善方面保持沉默，就容易导致个人追求自我完善这一要求的丧失，而这也就意味着人本身的丧失。
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| 关 键 词： | 德性论 规范论 道德品质 道德行为 本质主义 道德评价体系 |
Virtuous Ethics and Normative Ethics |
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| CUI Yi - ming.Virtuous Ethics and Normative Ethics[J].Journal of East China Normal University :Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition,2002,34(3):95-99,114. |
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| Authors: | CUI Yi - ming |
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| Institution: | CUI Yi - ming |
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| Abstract: | Virtuous ethics and normative ethics focus on different theoretical themes. From a perspective of virtue ethics, the most basic question is: What kind of person should I be? And the fundamental subject matter of normative ethics is: What ought I to do and how ought I to do? The virtue theory, whose representatives are Confucianism and Aristotle's ethics, essentially revolves around a person's moral character, making an evaluation of the whole person. The normative theory, whose representatives are utilitarianism and Kant's deontology, concerns with the moral nature of action, making an evaluation of the special action. The moral evaluation system of traditional society is virtue ethics and that of modern society is normative ethics. The significance of transition from virtue ethics to normative ethics is to admit that each person has the right of self - decision and confines those universal norms to the public social area. But the normative theory only looks to the kinds of actions an agent ought to perform, ignoring the kind of person an agent ought to be. |
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| Keywords: | virtue ethics normative ethics moral evaluation system moral character moral action |
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