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Why are some independent inventors ‘heroes’ and others ‘hobbyists’? The moderating role of technological diversity and specialization |
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| Authors: | Christopher Lettl Katja Rost |
| Institution: | a Department of Marketing and Statistics, Chair for Technology and Innovation Management, Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus, Haslegaardsvej 10, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark b Institute of Organization and Administrative Science, University of Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 84, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland c Chair for Marketing and Innovation, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany |
| Abstract: | Despite a substantial body of research investigating the market significance of inventions by independent inventors, relatively little attention has been devoted to understanding their technological significance. A recent study conducted by Dahlin, K., Taylor, M., Fichman, M., 2004. Today's Edisons or weekend hobbyists: technical impact and success of inventions by independent inventors. Res. Policy 33, 1167-1183] on the tennis racket industry shows that independent inventors are a heterogeneous group which includes both “heroes” who contribute substantially to technological progress and “hobbyists” who make only a marginal contribution. What is not asked - and therefore not explained - is why this distinction arises. In this paper, we focus on the type of prior technological knowledge (in terms of technological specialization and diversity) applied by independent inventors and their corporate counterparts as a factor explaining differences in technological impact. Our empirical setting is the field of medical equipment technology. We find that independent inventors are more sensitive to the negative effects of technological diversity than their corporate counterparts. Furthermore, our study reveals that technological specialization pays off more for independent inventors than for their corporate counterparts. Therefore, those independent inventors who apply low degrees of diversity and high degrees of specialization are capable of reaching the same level as or even outperforming their corporate counterparts, thus becoming “heroes”. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for research and corporate practice. |
| Keywords: | Independent inventor Technological progress Specialization Diversity |
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