The learning of basic-level categories by pigeons: the prototype effect, attention, and effects of categorization |
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| Authors: | Jitsumori Masako Ohkita Midori Ushitani Tomokazu |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, Faculty of Letters, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Pigeons were trained to classify composite faces of two categories created by mimicking the structure of basic-level categories,
with each face consisting of an item-specific component and a common component diagnostic for its category. Classification
accuracy increased as the proportion of common components increased, regardless of familiar and novel item-specific components,
with the best discrimination occurring at untrained original faces used as the common components. A no-categorization control
condition suggested that categorization gives rise to equivalence for item-specific components and distinctiveness for degrees
of prototypicality. When some item-specific components were shared by exemplars of the contrasting categories, those that
were not overlapping between the categories became the effective cues for the pigeons’ responses. Implications of these results
are discussed in the context of current categorization and associative learning theories. |
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