| 池塘养殖生态系统服务价值评估——以上海市青浦区常规鱼类养殖为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨怀宇,李晟,杨正勇.池塘养殖生态系统服务价值评估——以上海市青浦区常规鱼类养殖为例[J].资源科学,2011,33(3):575-581. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨怀宇 李晟 杨正勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海,201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目( 编号：70973075)；上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(编号：09ZZ169)；上海市哲学社会科学基金项目(编号：2007BZH009)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 生态系统服务价值的评估对于研究人员、政策制定者和公众都有重大意义。但对于水产养殖系统而言,大多关注其食物供给价值,而忽视了其他生态系统服务。本文采用市场价值法、有效成本法、旅行成本法和条件价值评估法分别评估池塘常规鱼类养殖生态系统的食物供给价值、碳固定价值、释放氧气价值、调节气温价值、娱乐休憩价值和文化服务价值(存在价值)。结果表明,常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统服务总价值为每年47.50万元/hm2,其中食物供给价值占7.2%,碳固定价值占5.4%,释放氧气价值0.7%,气温调节价值占38.4%,娱乐休憩价值占43.2%,文化服务价值占5.2%。池塘养殖生态系统的非市场价值部分远超养殖水产品市场价值,表明池塘养殖的生态服务价值对人类社会的贡献不可忽视。分析表明,由于生态系统服务研究范式的不统一,评估方法的局限性以及水产养殖生态系统中人类影响的复杂性,该研究还有待继续深入。
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| 关 键 词： | 池塘养殖 生态系统服务 价值评估 上海 |
Valuation of Pond Aquaculture Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Common Fish Aquaculture in Qingpu, Shanghai |
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| YANG Huaiyu,LI Sheng and YANG Zhengyong.Valuation of Pond Aquaculture Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Common Fish Aquaculture in Qingpu, Shanghai[J].Resources Science,2011,33(3):575-581. |
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| Authors: | YANG Huaiyu LI Sheng and YANG Zhengyong |
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| Institution: | College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | Aquaculture ecosystems are extensively managed by humans to optimize the provision of food. Investigations of the value of aquaculture ecosystems have focused mainly on the value of food provision but seem to ignore the value of regulation services, supporting services, as well as cultural services of an ecosystem. For formulating policies and strategies of the payment for ecological services (PES), valuating ecosystem services of an aquaculture ecosystem is important for the public, decision-makers, as well as scientists. A research framework was constructed for the classification of ecosystem services by Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and analysis of functions of aquaculture ecosystems. Data were collected from both point observations and random sampling investigations in Jinzhe, Zujiajiao and Liantang towns of Qingpu district in Shanghai. Based on the framework, the value of aquaculture pond ecosystem services, including food provision, carbon fixation, O2 emission, temperature regulating, recreation, and existence services were calculated through the market-value method, replacement cost method, travel-cost method, and contingent valuation method. Results show that the total value of common fish aquaculture pond ecosystem services is about 475 thousand RMB/(hm2·a), in which the value of food provision, carbon fixation, O2 emission, temperature regulation, recreation, and existence service account for 7.2%, 5.8%, 0.7%, 38.39%, 43.17%, and 5.17%, respectively. The value of non-market services of aquaculture pond is greater than the market value of fish produced in the pond. It is concluded that 1) the contribution of aquaculture to society and economy is underestimated in terms of the ecosystem service of aquaculture, and aquaculture economy has been gradually transformed from the tradition product economy to the service economy; 2) through analysis of valuation methods and their limitations, the adopted method was proved appropriate in the valuation of aquaculture ecosystem services, though the value of the recreation service may be overestimated, and 3) there are still lots of controversies and challenges that have emerged from current research on ecosystem services, involving 1) an intensive study has to be discarded because of disaccord paradigm of ecosystem services, which causes varying understanding of the term of value between economists and ecologists; 2) ecosystem services and their valuation methods cannot correspond exactly, and much emphasis needs to be placed on improvement in the normalization of valuation methods, and 3) research on ecosystem services of agriculture including aquaculture should assess human impacts due to a self-artificial ecosystem. |
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| Keywords: | Pond aquaculture Ecosystem services Valuation Shanghai |
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