| 支持研发能力提升的产品多样化决策研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 汪建,张驰.支持研发能力提升的产品多样化决策研究[J].科学学研究,2020,38(11):2008-2019. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汪建 张驰 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海大学管理学院 |
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| 摘 要： | 在大规模定制化环境中，产品多样化水平决策是一个重要课题。不断增强的研发能力支持企业创新产品；随着多样化水平提升，单品种的研发投入也会减少，从而可能影响研发能力提升。两者相互作用的机制受到研发能力种类、研发环节等因素影响。为了分析两者的影响关系，我们以提升企业经济效益为目标，分别建立了两类研发能力与多样化水平决策的回归分析模型。基于2017年上海市高新技术企业的调查数据开展了实证分析。结果发现产品多样化水平决策对研发产出与经济绩效具有调节作用，且受到研发类型、行业特点和经济效益目标长短等因素的影响。在短期上，对于产品多样化较低的行业，产品多样化对于探索式创新产出促进经济效益的路径表现为正向调节；对于产品多样化较高的行业，产品多样化对于利用式创新产出促进经济效益的路径表现为负向调节作用。在长期上，两大类行业的调节作用呈现出相反的表现。长期与短期不同影响的差异产生原因在于企业依据经济效益开展研发投入的机制设计。基于研究结果，针对不同类型的研发能力、不同行业特点、以及长期和短期经济目标差异对多样化水平决策提出建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 产品多样化 研发能力 经济绩效 利用式创新 探索式创新 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-25 |
Product Variety Decisions for R&D Capability Improvement |
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| Abstract: | Product variety decisions become an important topic in mass customization environment. The increasing R&D capability can support product innovations. With the increasing product variety, the investments on a single kind of products may be decreased, and the R&D capabilities may be also impacted. The relationships between product variety decisions and R&D capability improvement can be impacted by the kinds of R&D capabilities, the process of R&D improvement, etc. In order to analysis the relationships between them, a regression model was built with an aim at improving the economic performance of enterprises. A survey was conducted in Shanghai high-tech enterprises in 2017. The results show that the moderation roles of product variety level decisions on R&D capabilities may be different with the changes in R&D capabilities, industrial characteristics, and the goal of long-term or short term in economic performance. In the short term, the product variety has positive moderation effectiveness on the relationships between exploratory innovation output and economic performance in the industries with low product variety; product variety has negative moderation effectiveness on the relationships between exploitative innovation output and economic performance in the industries with high product variety. In the long term, the moderation effectiveness is opposite to the short term. The transformation mechanism of long-term and short-term different effects lies in the characteristics of the mechanism design of R&D investment based on economic performance. Based on the research results, different suggestions are given for the long-term and short-term economic objectives of different types of R&D capabilities. To ensure the positive effect of product variety on the R&D capability improvement mechanism, it is suggested that enterprises establish R&D investment in proportion to the product variety level. |
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