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| 基于最小数据方法的滦河流域生态补偿研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 吕明权,王继军,周伟.基于最小数据方法的滦河流域生态补偿研究[J].资源科学,2012,34(1):166-172. |
| 作者姓名： | 吕明权 王继军 周伟 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌,712100 2. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100／中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 3. 河北省承德市水土保持科学研究所,承德,067000 |
| 基金项目： | 水利部公益项目:“冀北山区生态输水小流域治理模式与关键技术”(编号:200901051);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划:“农田水土保持工程与耕作关键技术”(编号:2011BAD31B01)。 |
| 摘 要： | 为探讨在京津上游水源区实施有效生态补偿机制,减少上下游水资源矛盾,以潘家口水库水源区隆化县、平泉县为例,利用最小数据法推导了在不同补偿标准下土地利用方式变化的比例,明确了水资源供给量与补偿标准之间的关系。结果表明：实施生态补偿可以促使农户土地利用行为发生变化,减少上游用水,有助于为下游提供更多的水资源,缓解上下游用水矛盾实现上下游协调发展;按潮河流域退稻还旱的补偿标准对隆化县水稻种植农户提供补偿,有74.12%的稻田农民愿改种玉米,能提供水资源服务量是1.41亿m3;根据水资源供给量目标不同,可以确定不同的补偿标准,可根据下游用水需求建立差别化、动态化补偿标准。 |
| 关 键 词： | 生态补偿 最小数据法 滦河流域 退稻还旱 |
Payments for Water Provision Service for the Luanhe River Basin Based on a Minimum-Data Approach |
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| LV Mingquan,WANG Jijun and ZHOU Wei.Payments for Water Provision Service for the Luanhe River Basin Based on a Minimum-Data Approach[J].Resources Science,2012,34(1):166-172. | |
| Authors: | LV Mingquan WANG Jijun and ZHOU Wei |
| Institution: | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling 712100, China;College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling 712100, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Chengde City, Chengde 067000, China |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the effectiveness in implementing payments for environmental services (PES) scheme in the water source of Beijing and Tianjin to reduce downstream water shortage. Different land use types in the upstream areas, such as rain-fed corn planting, paddy, and grassland, can provide the downstream area with a broad range of water ecological services due to varying land use water consumptions. The minimum-data (MD) approach was introduced to provide timely and accurate information to support decision-making in the PES policy. The MD method is a trade-off between timeliness and accuracy of information, which exploits the structure of the PES problems to obtain an approximation to the ecosystem service supply curve that can be implemented using relatively simple data. The MD approach shows that the supply of water ecological services can be derived from the spatial distribution of opportunity cost of providing those services on the assumption that landholders make land use and management decision to maximize their perceived economic well-being. This method was applied in Longhua County and Pinquan County in the water supply area of the Panjiakou Reservoir. Household survey data were used to calculate the opportunity cost related to land use changes, specifically from paddy planting to corn planting in Longhua County and from corn planting to grassland in Pingquan County. Using the Penman-Monteith equation and meteorological data, the amount of the water ecosystem service associated with land use changes was estimated. First, the ratio of land use change which is beneficial in water provision when different amounts of PES were offered to peasants was obtained. Second, the relationship between the amount of water provision to the downstream and the amount of PES was analyzed. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the MD approach to the key coefficients was performed. Results indicate that the scheme of PES could prompt the landlords to change land use so as to reduce their water consumption and increase the downstream water availability. The payment of 8250 RMB/ha to paddy landlords in Longhua County, which was the same as the payment of converting paddy into corn planting in the Chaohe River basin, could stimulate conversion of 74.12% paddy into corn planting and increase 141 × 106m3 of water provision. The amount of PES could be changed in terms of water provision and the requirement for water resources. |
| Keywords: | Payments for environmental services Minimum data approach Luanhe River basin Converting paddy to corn planting |
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