Ultrabithorax is a key regulator for the dimorphism of wings,a main cause for the outbreak of planthoppers in rice |
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| Authors: | Fangzhou Liu Xiang Li Muhua Zhao Mengjian Guo Kehong Han Xinxin Dong Jing Zhao Wanlun Cai Qifa Zhang Hongxia Hua |
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| Institution: | Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | Rice planthoppers, the most devastating rice pests, occur in two wing forms: the short-wing form for rapid population growth and long-wing form for long-distance migration, which together create the mechanism for outbreak. Here we show that Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is a key regulator for switching between the long- and short-wing forms of rice planthoppers. Ubx is expressed in both forewing and hindwing pads, which is different from the canonical model of Ubx expression. In brown planthoppers, expression of Ubx (NlUbx) is regulated by nutritional status of the rice host. High-quality young plants induce NlUbx expression leading to the short-wing form; low-quality ripe plants reduce NlUbx expression resulting in long-wing form. We also showed that NlUbx is regulated by the insulin receptors NlInR1 and NlInR2. The default expression of NlInR1 inhibits NlUbx resulting in long-wings, while high-quality hosts induce NlInR2 expression, which represses NlInR1 thus promoting NlUbx expression to produce short-wings. |
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| Keywords: | Hox Ultrabithorax rice planthopper wing polymorphism |
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