Revisiting the integration hypothesis again: High heterogeneity complicates the interpretation of cross-sectional evidence |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway;2. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal;3. Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | A recent meta-analytical paper (Bierwiaczonek & Kunst, 2021) sparked a controversy by demonstrating that cross-sectional associations between acculturation preferences and adaptation are weak and heterogenous, and approach zero when assessed over time. Some responses criticized the paper by arguing that small but robust effects can make a real-life difference if applied to millions of migrants. In this paper, we present additional analyses to illustrate how the heterogeneity of correlational integration effects complicates and potentially undermines this notion. We estimate that true effects of integration and heritage culture orientation are negative almost 30 % of the time, and only true effects of mainstream culture orientation seem to be relatively homogenous. We conclude that the combination of a weak effect with high heterogeneity makes integration effects largely unpredictable, meaning that for some migrant groups, adopting the integration strategy will be associated with positive outcomes, and for others with negative outcomes, with no evidence that any of those outcomes are caused by integration. |
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| Keywords: | Acculturation Adaptation Migration Meta-analysis Heterogeneity |
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