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Leucine metabolites do not attenuate training-induced inflammation in young resistance trained men

Authors:	Filipe J Teixeira Catarina N Matias Cristina P Monteiro Maria J Valamatos Joana F Reis Robert W Morton

Institution:	1. Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugalftperformancenutrition@gmail.com;3. Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;4. Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;5. Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;6. Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugalhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2036-7988;7. Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;8. Neuromuscular research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;9. Universidade Europeia, Lisboa, Portugal;10. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Abstract:	ABSTRACT Leucine metabolites may reduce training-induced inflammation; however, there is scant evidence for this assertion. We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial where 40 male participants were allocated into 4 groups: α-hydroxyisocaproic acid group (α-HICA], n = 10, Fat-free mass FFM] = 62.0 ± 7.1 kg), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid group (HMB-FA], n = 11, FFM = 62.7 ± 10.5 kg), calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate group (HMB-Ca], n = 9, FFM = 65.6 ± 10.1 kg) or placebo group (PLA]; n = 10, FFM = 64.2 ± 5.7 kg). An 8-week whole-body resistance training routine (3 training sessions per week) was employed to induce gains in skeletal-muscle thickness. Skeletal muscle thickness (MT), one repetition maximum (1RM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were assessed at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Time-dependent increases were detected from baseline to week 8 for MT (vastus lateralis: p = 0.009; rectus femoris: p = 0.018), 1RM (back squat: α-HICA, 18.5% ± 18.9%; HMB-FA, 23.2% ± 16%; HMB-Ca, 10.5% ± 13.8%; PLA, 19.7% ± 9% and bench press: α-HICA, 13.8% ± 19.1%; HMB-FA, 15.5% ± 9.3%; HMB-Ca, 10% ± 10.4%; PLA, 14.4 ± 11.3%, both p < 0.001), IL-6, hsCRP (both p < 0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.045). No differences were found between groups at any time point. No leucine metabolite attenuated inflammation during training. Additionally, backwards elimination regressions showed that no circulating inflammatory marker consistently shared variance with the change in any outcome. Using leucine metabolites to modulate inflammation cannot be recommended from the results obtained herein. Furthermore, increases in inflammatory markers, from training, do not correlate with any outcome variable and are likely the result of training adaptations.

Keywords:	Inflammation leucine metabolites hypertrophy strength

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