Inspiratory muscle training effects on oxygen saturation and performance in hypoxemic rowers: Effect of sex |
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| Authors: | Christos Riganas Zacharoula Papadopoulou Nikos V Margaritelis Kosmas Christoulas |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece;2. Ergophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5119-427X;4. Ergophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece |
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| Abstract: | ABSTRACTExercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) has been consistently reported in elite endurance athletes. This study examined the effects of an inspiratory muscle training protocol (IMT) on resting pulmonary function, end-exercise arterial oxygen saturation and performance in hypoxemic rowers. Twenty male and sixteen female well-trained hypoxemic rowers were divided into four groups: IMT-male, control-male, IMT-female and control-female. The IMT groups, additionally to the regular training, performed IMT (30 min/day, 5 times/week, 6 weeks). Before and after training, groups underwent an incremental rowing test, a 2000-m time trial and a 5-min “all-out” race. IMT increased respiratory strength in the IMT-male (135 ± 31 vs. 180 ± 22 cmH2O) and IMT-female (93 ± 19 vs. 142 ± 22 cmH2O) (P < 0.05). The IMT-female group exhibited lower EIAH and improved rowing performance in the 2000-m time trial (487 ± 32 vs. 461 ± 34 sec) and in the 5-min “all-out” test (1,285 ± 28 vs. 1,310 ± 36m) (P < 0.05). IMT protocol improved performance in IMT-male only in the 5-min test (1,651 ± 31 vs. 1,746 ± 37m) (P < 0.05). IMT may be a useful tool for increasing respiratory strength and enhancing performance in hypoxemic rowers, especially for women.Abbreviations: EIAH: Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia; IMT: inspiratory muscle training protocol; PaO2: partial pressure of arterial oxygen; SaO2: arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation; VO2max: maximal oxygen consumption; (A-a)DO2]: alveolar-to-arterial oxygen difference; VA/Q: ventilation-perfusion inequality/mismatching; PImax: maximal inspiratory pressure; BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; FVC: vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 sec; VCin: vital capacity; MVV12: maximal voluntary ventilation in 12 sec |
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| Keywords: | Arterial hypoxemia exercise inspiratory muscle training performance rowing |
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![ORCID Icon]({"type":"image","src":"/templates/jsp/images/orcid.png"} "ORCID Icon")
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5119-427X;4. Ergophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece