Attention and salience in associative blocking |
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| Authors: | Stephen E Denton John K Kruschke |
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| Institution: | (1) Program in Cognitive Neurosciences and Schizophrenia, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA;(2) Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, City College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA;(3) Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;(4) Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA |
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| Abstract: | The associative learning effect called blocking has previously been found in many cue-competition paradigms where all cues
are of equal salience. Previous research by Hall, Mackintosh, Goodall, and dal Martello (1977) found that, in animals, salient
cues were less likely to be blocked. Crucially, they also found that when the to-be-blocked cue was highly salient, the blocking
cue would lose some control over responding. The present article extends these findings to humans and suggests that shifts
in attention can explain the apparent loss of control by the previously learned cue. A connectionist model that implements
attentional learning is shown to fit the main trends in the data. Model comparisons suggest that mere forgetting, implemented
as weight decay, cannot explain the results. |
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