| 中国专利政策的演进研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 中国专利政策的演进研究.中国专利政策的演进研究[J].科学学研究,2021,39(2):264-273. |
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| 作者姓名： | 中国专利政策的演进研究 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院大学;2. 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院; |
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| 基金项目： | 2019年国家知识产权局重大专利专项研究项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 以1984——2019年国家层面上发布的298项专利政策为主要研究对象，对我国专利政策的历史演进、发文府际关系、不同阶段的政策结构特征、总体演进逻辑和趋势等进行系统分析。研究发现：随着科学技术与市场经济的发展，中国的专利政策具有明显的阶段性特征，自1984年我国专利制度建立以来历经了改革开放内需驱动下的初步确立阶段、迫于国际压力下的与国际接轨阶段、全力提升自主创新能力阶段和由专利大国迈向专利强国的全面治理阶段。整个演进过程也反映了专利技术在整个国家社会经济发展中重要性的变化过程、不同阶段专利事业发展重心的变化以及政府运用政策工具的特点和规律。在总体演进过程中专利政策的体系结构不断扩张，体现出与国家创新体系、科技管理体系、产业经济体系不断融合的特征，同时其自身功能定位从传统的权利保护鼓励创造向激励创新、促进产业化应用和经济体制变革等综合功能转变。
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| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-14 |
Evolution and Development of China's Patent Policy System |
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| Abstract: | Selecting 298 patent policies texts issued at the national level from 1984 to 2019 as the main research object. We systematically analyzes the historical evolution of China's patent policy, inter-public relations, policy structure characteristics at different stages, overall evolution logic and trend. The study found that: China's patent policy has obvious stage characteristics with the development of science and technology and the market economy. It has gone through the domestic demand of initial establishment stage driven by reform and opening-up. The stage of integration with the international standards under the international pressure.The stage of fully promoting the capability of independent innovation, The stage of comprehensive governance from a big patent country to a powerfull patent country since the establishment of China's patent system in 1984. The entire evolution process also reflects the changing process of the importance of science and technology in the socio-economic development, the changes in the focus of patent development at different stages, and the characteristics and laws of the government's policy tools. During the overall evolution, the system of patent policy continues to expand, and reflects the characteristics of integration with the national innovation system, science and technology management system, and industrial economic system. At the same time, its functional positioning has shifted from traditional rights protection to the comprehensive functions such as stimulating innovation, promoting industrialization applications and economic system reform. |
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