| 产业智能化、劳动力结构和产业结构升级 |
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| 引用本文： | 产业智能化、劳动力结构和产业结构升级.产业智能化、劳动力结构和产业结构升级[J].科学学研究,2021,39(8):1384-1395. |
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| 作者姓名： | 产业智能化、劳动力结构和产业结构升级 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西北工业大学;2. ;3. 西安电子科技大学; |
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| 摘 要： | 产业智能化最显著的特征是降低企业劳动时间,提高劳动生产率,但随着“机器替人”现象不断深化,大量低技能和重复性劳动力会被替代,对高技能和创造性劳动力的需求提升,导致劳动力、资本等生产要素在产业间重新配置,影响产业结构。本文利用2004-2016年中国省级面板数据,测算地区产业智能化指数、产业结构高级化和合理化指数,采用静态和动态面板回归模型估计产业智能化对产业结构高级化和合理化的影响,分析高低技能劳动力和男女比例等劳动力结构因素的调节作用,并分析地区异质性的不同作用效果。研究发现：（1）产业智能化整体上能够促进地区产业结构高级化,但是对产业结构合理化的影响为负;（2）劳动力结构作用于产业智能化对产业结构升级的影响,高低技能劳动力比例的提高和男女比例的下降会促进产业智能化对产业结构高级化的正向作用,并缓解其对产业结构合理化的负向影响;（3）产业智能化带来的产业结构升级存在地域差异,产业智能化对东、中部产业结构升级作用显著,但对西部地区产业结构升级的影响不明显,并且劳动力结构调节作用强度不同。本文的研究丰富和拓展了中国产业结构升级的相关研究,也为科学评价产业智能化效果提供了新的证据。
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| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-08 |
Industrial Intelligence,Labor Structure and Industrial Structure Upgrading |
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| Abstract: | The main feature of industrial intelligence is to reduce the working time of labor and improve the labor productivity. However, a large number of low skilled and repetitive labor will be replaced, and the demand for high skilled and creative labor will increase, with the deepening of "machine for man". All these result in the reallocation of labor, capital and other production factors during industries, which affect industrial structure. Based on the panel data of 2004-2016 in China, this paper calculates the provincial industrial intelligence index, industrial structure optimization and industrial structure rationalization. We analyze the relationship between industrial intelligence and upgrading of industrial structure, and the moderating effect of labor structure and regional heterogeneity, through using the static and dynamic panel regression model. It is found that: (1) Industrial intelligence can promote the upgrading of regional industrial structure, but has a negative impact on industrial structure rationalization; (2) Labor structure plays an important role in the upgrading of industrial structure. The increase of the ratio of high-skilled labor to low-skilled labor and the decrease of the ratio of men to women will promote the positive effect of industrial intelligence on the industrial structure optimization, and relieve the negative impact on industrial structure rationalization; (3) The different effect exists between intelligence artificial and upgrading of industrial structure considering regional heterogeneity. Industrial intelligence has a higher effect on upgrading of industrial structure in the eastern and the central than that of western. The moderating effect of labor force structure is also different. This paper aims at enriching and expanding the relevant research on the upgrading of Chinese industrial structure, and provides new evidence for the evaluation of the effect of industrial intelligence. |
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