| 中国高技术产业如何参与全球价值链重构 |
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| 引用本文： | 中国高技术产业如何参与全球价值链重构.中国高技术产业如何参与全球价值链重构[J].科学学研究,2021,39(9):1564-1573. |
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| 作者姓名： | 中国高技术产业如何参与全球价值链重构 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 湖北大学;2. ; |
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| 摘 要： | 全球经济缓慢复苏以来,发达国家纷纷推出了制造业再兴战略。中国也出台了旨在提升中国高技术产业竞争力的国家战略——《中国制造2025》。受国际市场竞争环境的影响,现阶段中国出口在全球市场上面临较严峻的形势：低端产业的优势在快速削弱,高端产业的优势却尚未建立。中国依靠其廉价的劳动力成本优势被锁定在全球价值链的低端加工组装环节,获得较低的利润份额,但伴随着中国廉价劳动力成本优势的丧失,中国高技术产业可能面临着“被挤出”全球价值链的风险。随着国际分工深化、国别利益分配格局的改变以及逆全球化在部分发达国家的蔓延,全球价值链正在经历新一轮大规模重构,长期以来发达国家主导的全球价值链的局面正在改变。在全球价值链重构的背景下,不同国家产业参与全球价值链重构的路径有差异,本文将其归纳为嵌入全球价值链、构建国家价值链和主导区域价值链三种。中国不同高技术产业由于其产业特征和竞争力的差异,选择参与全球价值重构的路径也不一样。本研究基于VRCA增加值指数,构建全球价值链重构路径选择的指标体系并为中国高技术产业设计合适的重构路径,医药制造业和交通运输设备制造业趋向于在全球化的背景下构建国家价值链,而化学制品制造业、电气设备制造业和电子和光学设备制造业趋向于自主创新的同时主导创建区域价值链,推动国内价值链与全球价值链的深度整合,实现国内国际双循环的目标。
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| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-18 |
Path for China's High-tech Industry to Participate in the Reconstruction of Global Value Chains |
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| Abstract: | With the slow recovery of the global economy, developed countries have introduced rejuvenation strategies for their manufacturing. China has also released a national strategy named "Made in China 2025" to improve the competitiveness of China's high-tech industries. Affected by the competitive environment in the international market, Chinese exports are facing a severe situation in the global market at this stage: the advantages of low-end industries are rapidly weakening, and the advantages of high-end industries have not been established yet. Due to the advantage of cheap labor cost, China is locked in the low-end processing and assembly procedure in the Global Value Chains (GVCs) to gain a lower profit share, but with the risk of disappearing the Chinese cheap labor cost advantage, Chinese high-tech industry is facing the risk of "being squeezed out" from the GVCs. With the deepening of the international division of labor, the change of the national interest distribution pattern, and the spread of de-globalization in some developed countries,?the GVCs are undergoing a new round of large-scale restructuring, and the situation of GVCs being dominated by developed countries is changing. Industries of different countries have different paths of participation in the reconstruction of GVCs, including active embedding in GVCs, passive access to National Value Chains, and leading to the creation of Regional Value Chains (RVCs). Different high-tech industries in China choose different ways to participate in reconstruction of GVCs due to their different levels of competitiveness. Based on the Value-Added Revealed Comparative Advantage index, this study constructs the basis and criteria for choosing the path of reconstruction of GVCs and designs the appropriate path for Chinese high-tech industry. Pharmaceutical manufacturing and transportation equipment manufacturing industry tend to choose access state of the Value Chain reconstruction path against the background of globalization, and the chemical products manufacturing, electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing, and optical equipment manufacturing industries tend toward?”indigenous innovation” while dominating the RVC reconstruction path, linking international and domestic Value Chains, to achieve the domestic and international double cycle goals. |
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