| 西学传播与近代史学的演进 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈其泰.西学传播与近代史学的演进[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2004(3):74-83. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈其泰 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学,史学理论与史学史研究中心、史学研究所,北京,100875 |
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| 摘 要： | 由鸦片战争时期发轫的近代史学,其80年行程中,在历史观、著述内容和体例形式上经历了一系列的深刻变化,重要的原因即因西学的传播而推动形成的,这是近代中西文化交流史和学术史的重要课题,以往尚缺乏系统的探讨。由于逐步吸收西方新学理,近代史学的演进经历了三个阶段,各具鲜明的时代特点。鸦片战争前后在中西文化撞击中,以魏源为代表的有识史家呼吁了解外部世界的广阔和先进性,撰成介绍外国史地的名著,突破了传统史学的旧格局。1860年至甲午战前,先由冯桂芬、郑观应等早期维新派人物,从以前的"师其技"跨入到"采其学";其后,以黄遵宪撰成《日本国志》为代表,直接介绍外国制度文化,探讨其富强之由,为变法运动提供了借鉴。戊戌前后至20世纪初年,西方近代进化论在国内迅速传播,成为国人观察历史和民族前途的指导思想,由此结出《新史学》、《中国古代史》等硕果,因而宣告了严格意义的"近代史学"的诞生。
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| 关 键 词： | 师夷长技 采西学 "改从西法" 天演学说 "新史学 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-0209(2004)03-0074-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年3月13日 |
Western Learning and Birth of Modern Chinese Historiography |
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| CHEN Qi-tai.Western Learning and Birth of Modern Chinese Historiography[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Science Edition),2004(3):74-83. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Qi-tai |
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| Abstract: | Modern Chinese historiography, which was conceived during the Opium War and came into being in the ensuing 80 years thereafter, has witnessed a series of profound changes in the outlooks of history, the content and the forms of organization. And one of the most significant causes lies in the introduction of western learning into the Chinese academic circle, which - as an important topic in modern East-West cultural communication and academic history - has long been devoid of a systematic discussion. And this is what the present paper attempts to deal with. To be specific, it accounts for the birth process of modern Chinese historiography as three distinct stages. The first of these took place around the Opium War. It is represented by those famous works that introduce foreign history and geography, under the appeal of such representative historiographers of insight as WEI Yuan, to the vastitude and advancedness of the outside world. And the attempt broke away from the traditional historiography. The second stage lasted from 1860 to the time before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Firstly, such early reformers as FENG Gui-fen and ZHENG Guan-ying changed the agone principle of 'seeking foreigners' skills' to that of 'pursuing their learning'; then represented by Ri Ben Guo Zhi (Records of Japan) by HUANG Zun-xian, scholars straightforwardly introduced foreign institutes and cultures and explored the ways China should follow to be rich and strong, which supplied reference for the Reform Movement of 1898. The third stage is represented with the monumental works New Historiography and Ancient History of China. During the time of the 1898 Reform Movement to the early years of the 20th century, western modern evolution theory was rapidly diffused throughout China and became guidance for scholars to rethink the past and look into the future, which pronounced the real birth of modern historiography. |
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| Keywords: | seeking foreigners' forte pursuing foreigners' learning 'turning to western policy' evolution theory 'new historiography' |
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