| 成绩资本和地位获得--我国优秀运动员群体社会流动的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 钟秉枢.成绩资本和地位获得--我国优秀运动员群体社会流动的研究[J].体育科学,1998,18(3):45. |
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| 作者姓名： | 钟秉枢 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京体育大学 北京 |
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| 摘 要： | 采用文献研究、问卷调查、追踪访谈、多因素分析等方法,以我国优秀运动员群体为对象,探讨了成绩资本对于运动员地位获得的作用。研究显示,运动员的家庭背景与运动员从事的运动项目之间存在关联;内在动力、客观环境、物质保障和形态素质是影响运动员获取成绩的4大要素。在运动队中时间过长,将减少其退役后选择其他职业的机会。多数运动员的职业地位与其父辈相比得到了提高。是否拥有成绩资本决定着非运动员能否完成向运动员的跨越,成绩资本的数量与层次决定着普通运动员成为何种等级的优秀运动员,关系着寻找到何种新的职业。
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| 关 键 词： | 优秀运动员 社会流动 成绩资本 地位获得 |
Performance Capital and Professional Status Attainment - Sport and Social Mobility Among Chinese Elite Athletes |
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| Zhong Bingshu.Performance Capital and Professional Status Attainment - Sport and Social Mobility Among Chinese Elite Athletes[J].China Sport Science,1998,18(3):45. |
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| Authors: | Zhong Bingshu |
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| Abstract: | Patterns of sport and social mobility among Chinese elite athletes were inquired based on questionnaire and interview between 1995 and 1996. An available survey data from 274 athletes of first-grade or above and 270 Olympic athletes throughout China was gathered and 12 special cases were interviewed. The following conclusions can be reached:1. In China, athletes are accorded up-middle professional status and prestiges 2. Total outflow and inflow percentage is only 5. 4% and more than half subjects promote occupational prestige via athletes; 3. Sports difference in the class background of athletes are found in the sample; 4. In pre-athlete period, the importance of background factors, learning of skills, and recruitment process are significantly related; 5. During period of active play, performance or sport success becomes a capital which has strong influence on his life;6. In post-athlete period, athlete adjusts to another occupational way of life, whose rank of post-playing job is highly dependent upon the degree of success he has achieved in sport; and 7. there are four significant factors contributed to sport success of elite athlete that are internal motivation, inter-person environment, economic and equipment support, and sports talent. |
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| Keywords: | career career change career development employment occupation elite athlete lifestyle social class factor analysis sociology success China |
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