| 体育锻炼对小学生视力健康的现实意义与实证研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 金刚,潘景玲,蔡赓.体育锻炼对小学生视力健康的现实意义与实证研究[J].首都体育学院学报,2021(1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 金刚 潘景玲 蔡赓 |
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| 作者单位： | 苏州高新区教学研究室;苏州大学体育学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY078)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 采集苏州市样本学校1~5年级部分学生动态视力与裸眼视力数据,了解受试学生2种视力健康状况的相关性;根据受试学生视力状况设计干预实验,探索强化动态视力使用的开放性运动技能与闭锁性运动技能对近视学生视力的积极影响。方法:1)运用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力表对样本学校1~5年级受试学生动态视力与裸眼视力进行视力数据采集。2)筛查4年级近视并自愿参加实验的学生随机分为啦啦操实验组与足球实验组,进行16周的基础练习干预实验。结果:1)1~5年级受试学生动态视力呈增长趋势,裸眼视力呈起伏状态,且部分年级之间受试学生的动态视力与裸眼视力存在显著差异(p<0.05);动态视力于2~3年级出现敏感期特征;男生动态视力(t=3.933,p=0.000)与裸眼视力(t=2.088,p=0.037)水平均显著高于女生;1~5年级受试学生动态视力与裸眼视力呈中度正相关关系,并表现出随年级升高相关度上升。2)实验干预后2个实验组受试学生的2种视力均有所改善,女生2种视力改善幅度均大于男生;啦啦操实验组视力改善先于足球实验组;足球实验组的动态视力改善幅度大于啦啦操实验组,啦啦操实验组裸眼视力改善幅度大于足球实验组;啦啦操实验组的动态视力改善贡献率表现为前测至中测阶段改善幅度大于中测至后测阶段,啦啦操实验组的裸眼视力、足球实验组的动态视力与裸眼视力的改善贡献率表现为前测至中测阶段改善幅度小于中测至后测阶段。结论:1)1~5年级受试学生仍处于动态视力发育期,男生2种视力均好于女生,动态视力与裸眼视力呈中度正相关关系;2)开放性运动技能与闭锁性运动技能的体育锻炼对改善近视受试学生的动态视力与裸眼视力有积极作用,均可以作为改善近视受试学生视力的干预手段。
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| 关 键 词： | 体育锻炼 视力健康 现实意义 实证研究 |
Practical Significance and Empirical Research on Students’ Visual Health Through Physical Exercise |
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| JIN Gang,PAN Jingling,CAI Geng.Practical Significance and Empirical Research on Students’ Visual Health Through Physical Exercise[J].Journal of Capital College of Physical Education,2021(1). |
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| Authors: | JIN Gang PAN Jingling CAI Geng |
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| Institution: | (Instruction Research Office,Suzhou High-tech Zone,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215163,China;School of Physical Education and Sports,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215021,China) |
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| Abstract: | Data of kinetic visual acuity and naked eye vision of some students from Grade 1 to 5 in Suzhou city were collected to understand the status quo and relationship of the two kinds of vision.An intervention experiment was designed to explore the positive effects of open motor skills and closed motor skills to strengthen the use of kinetic visual acuity on nearsighted students.Methods:1)Dynamic vision detector and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart were used to collect the data of the kinetic visual acuity and naked eye vision of students from Grade 1 to 5.2)The students who were screened for myopia in Grade 4 and volunteered to take part in the test were randomly divided into the cheerleading group and the football group for a 16-week basic exercise intervention experiment.Results:1)The kinetic visual acuity of the experimental students from Grade 1 to 5 showed an increasing trend,and the naked eye vision showed ups and downs,and there was significant difference between some grades in kinetic visual acuity and the naked eye vision(P<0.05).Kinetic visual acuity appears in the sensitive period in Grade 2~3.The dynamic visual acuity of male students(T=3.933,P=0.000)and naked eye visual acuity(T=2.088,P=0.037)were significantly higher than those of female students.There was a moderate positive correlation between kinetic visual acuity and naked eye vision of the experimental students in Grade 1~5,and the correlation increased with grade increase.2)After experimental intervention,two kinds of visual acuity were improved in the two experimental groups,and the visual acuity of the two kinds of female students is greater than that of the male students.The cheerleading group showed better vision than the football group,the improvement of kinetic visual acuity in football group was greater than that in cheerleading group,the improvement of naked eye vision in the cheerleading group was greater than that in the football group,the proportion of dynamic visual acuity improvement in the cheerleading group showed that the improvement amplitude in the pre-test to the middle test was greater than that in the post-test,the ratio of the improvement of the naked eye vision in the cheerleading group and the kinetic visual acuity in the football group showed that the improvement of the pre-test to the middle test was smaller than that of the post-test.Conclusions:1)The students in Grade 1 to 5 are still in the developmental stage of kinetic visual acuity.The two kinds of vision of male students are better than that of female students.The relationship between kinetic visual acuity and naked eye vision is moderately positive.2)The open motor skills and closed motor skills sports exercises designed by the authors have positive effects on improving the kinetic visual acuity and naked eye vision of myopic students,and both of them can be used as an intervention to improve the vision of myopic students. |
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| Keywords: | physical exercise visual health practical significance empirical research |
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