| 运动员倦怠的概念、理论模型及研究展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶绿,王斌,马红宇,吴敏,董良山.运动员倦怠的概念、理论模型及研究展望[J].成都体育学院学报,2016(1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶绿 王斌 马红宇 吴敏 董良山 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华中师范大学体育学院,湖北 武汉,430079;2. 华中师范大学心理学院,湖北 武汉,430079;3. 大连海洋大学体育部,辽宁 大连,116023 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家体育总局重点研究领域课题，国家体育总局科技服务项目，华中师范大学优秀博士学位论文培育计划项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 运动员倦怠是指个体资源与环境要求之间的不平衡,运动员出现即时的、短暂的身心紧张反应,当长期难以有效恢复时,压力反应不断积累,并逐渐发展成以情绪/体力耗竭、成就感降低、运动负评价为特征的身心症状和功能失调状态. 它与过度训练综合症、压力、抑郁等现象既有联系又有区别,需研究者差别对待. 目前,已有多种理论模型对运动员倦怠进行解释,包括认知—情感压力模型、消极训练压力反应模型、单一认同发展和外部控制模型、运动承诺模型和整合模型. 同时,也有研究者基于自我决定理论和成就目标理论对运动员倦怠的形成机制进行研究. 未来可基于工作需求—资源模型考察影响运动员倦怠的外源性因素,从积极心理学视角出发探讨哪些心理资源有助于抵抗运动员倦怠,在研究方法上可采用纵向追踪和质性研究,积极开展运动员投入相关研究.
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| 关 键 词： | 运动员倦怠 心理疲劳 运动员投入 压力 积极心理学 |
Concept,Theoretical Models,and Research Prospects of Athlete Burnout |
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| YE Lv,WANG Bin,MA Hongyu,WU Min,DONG Liangshan.Concept,Theoretical Models,and Research Prospects of Athlete Burnout[J].Journal of Chengdu Physical Education Institute,2016(1). |
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| Authors: | YE Lv WANG Bin MA Hongyu WU Min DONG Liangshan |
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| Abstract: | Athlete burnout is a process in which individual resources and environmental demands are out of balance, resulting in that athlete appears short psychosomatic strain responses, if without effective recovery for a long time, these stress responses will accumulate constantly and hence develop gradually into a psychosomatic syn-drome and a dysfunctional condition characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion, diminished sense of accomplishment as well as sport devaluation. Athlete burnout has not only relations to but also distinctions from overtraining syndrome, stress and depression. So it needs to be treated according to specific conditions. At present, there were a variety of theoretical models towards explaining athlete burnout, including cognitive-af-fective stress model, negative training stress response model, unidimensional identity development and external control model, sports commitment model, and integrated model. Some researchers even apply self-determina-tion theory and achievement goal theory in their study of athlete burnout formation mechanism. In the future, re-searchers can inspect the exogenous factors which affect athlete burnout by using work demands resources model, explore the psychological resources which can immunize athlete against burnout from the perspective of positive psychology to, and carry out studies on athlete engagement through diachronic tracing and qualitative research. |
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| Keywords: | Athlete Burnout Mental Fatigue Athlete Engagement Stress Positive Psychology |
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