| 4~6岁幼儿移动性动作发展及神经肌肉控制研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡鑫,纪仲秋,姜桂萍,庞博,黄浩洁.4~6岁幼儿移动性动作发展及神经肌肉控制研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2021(2):65-70. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡鑫 纪仲秋 姜桂萍 庞博 黄浩洁 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学体育与运动学院;厦门大学体育教学部 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社科基金“健康中国2030视域下促进幼儿动作发展和身心健康以及构建动作发展体系的研究”(20BTY070)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的:研究4~6岁幼儿移动性动作发展的外在表现和神经肌肉控制的内在机制。方法:通过粗大动作发展测试(Test of Gross Motor Development-3,TGMD-3)对跑、蹦跳和单脚跳进行评价,用BTS表面肌电测试系统时域分析的方法对完成动作时肌肉的积分肌电(Integrated EMG,IEMG)和时序进行研究。采用方差分析探讨不同年龄移动性动作发展水平的差异,计算年龄组×不同肌肉对标准化iEMG的影响,年龄组×动作类型对标准化共收缩指数的影响,结果:4~6岁幼儿移动性动作发展水平和下肢肌群iEMG值存在年龄之间的差异性,其中单脚跳的差异性最为明显(P<0.05)。标准化iEMG值股直肌最大、胫骨前肌其次。随着年龄的增长和动作复杂程度的降低,股直肌/股二头肌和胫骨前肌/腓肠肌的共收缩指数峰值越来越大。结论:TGMD-3作为幼儿动作发展评价工具具有可行性,其中单脚跳可优先作为移动性动作技能定性评价指标,该动作下肢肌群iEMG值可作为定量评价的代表性指标。幼儿在跑、蹦跳和单脚跳动作时,主要用力肌肉为股直肌和胫骨前肌。随着年龄增长,完成移动性动作时,iEMG值逐渐增大,膝关节和踝关节周围肌群协调性逐渐增强。
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| 关 键 词： | 幼儿 移动性动作 神经控制 表面肌电 积分肌电 |
A Study on the Locomotion Development and Neuromuscular Control of Children Aged 4~6 |
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| HU Xin,JI Zhongqiu,JIANG Guiping,PANG Bo,HUANG Haojie.A Study on the Locomotion Development and Neuromuscular Control of Children Aged 4~6[J].Journal of Chengdu Physical Education Institute,2021(2):65-70. |
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| Authors: | HU Xin JI Zhongqiu JIANG Guiping PANG Bo HUANG Haojie |
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| Institution: | (College of P.E.and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Dept.of P.E,Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361005) |
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| Abstract: | Objective:To study the external manifestations of locomotion development and the underlying mechanism of neuromuscular control in children aged 4-6.Methods:TGMD-3 was used to evaluate running,hopping and jumping.The BTS surface electromyography test system was used to analyze the iEMG and timing.ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in the development level of locomotion at different ages,and calculate the influence of age groups×different muscles on Normalize Integrated Electromyography(N-iEMG),and the influence of age group×motor types on Normalized Co-Contraction Index(NCCI).Results:There were age differences in the locomotion development level andN-iEMG value of lower limb muscles in children aged 4-6,and the difference in hopping was the most obvious(P<0.05).The N-iEMG value of the rectus femoris is the largest,followed by the tibialis anterior muscle.As the age increases and the complexity of movement decreases,the peaks of the NCCI-rectus femoris/biceps femoris and NCCI-tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius co-contraction index become larger.Conclusion:TGMD-3 is feasible as an evaluation tool for children’s movement development.single-foot jumping can be given priority as a qualitative evaluation index for locomotion skills.The iEMG value of lower limb muscles can be used as a representative index for quantitative evaluation.When children are running,hopping and jumping,the main muscles that they use are the rectus femoris and tibial anterior muscles as age increases,the iEMG value gradually increases and the coordination of the muscles around the knee and ankle joints gradually increases when completing locomotion. |
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| Keywords: | children locomotion neuromuscular control SEMG iEMG |
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