| 平衡木屈体前空翻转体180°起跳动作的计算机仿真研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴成亮,郝卫亚,肖晓飞,李旭鸿,娄彦涛.平衡木屈体前空翻转体180°起跳动作的计算机仿真研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2016(5):101-106. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴成亮 郝卫亚 肖晓飞 李旭鸿 娄彦涛 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 重庆三峡学院，重庆 404100; 国家体育总局体育科学研究所，北京100061;2. 国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京,100061;3. 浙江体育科学研究所,浙江 杭州,310004 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金“运动专项空中动作控制的建模与仿真研究”(10972062)；国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费项目“人体运动动力学指标提取的方法与应用研究”(基本16－02)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的：平衡木木上起跳是高难度分值空翻动作的关键技术，本文旨在揭示平衡木屈体前空翻转体180°（简称“F180”）起跳阶段运动技术及下肢动力学特征。方法：使用3台高速摄像机（300Hz）对世界冠军眭禄 F180起跳动作进行拍摄及三维运动学分析，基于 LifeMod 建立19个环节个性化人体模型和平衡木模型，仿真 F180的起跳动作。通过比较实际运动和仿真结果，验证所建模型的有效性。最后分析人体下肢发力特点及承受的内外负荷。结果：F180起跳阶段，运动员下肢髋、膝和踝关节反作用力依次增大，踝关节负载最大；下肢木上反作用力、关节反作用力和关节力矩均是右侧大于左侧；矢状面和额状面内关节力矩均为髋大于膝，踝最小；平衡木水平反作用力左右方向相反、大小接近。结论：平衡木 F180，运动员为了保证起跳效果和稳定性，双脚必须同时起跳，且都应向正中矢状面发力，大小接近。髋关节力矩在F180起跳中起主要作用，右腿为主要发力腿。下肢关节力及力矩的有效协调配合，提供了 F180起跳垂直动量及向左转体角动量。
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| 关 键 词： | 平衡木 起跳 动力学 计算机仿真 |
A Computer Simulation Research on the Balance Beam Taking off Movement of Salto forward Piked with 1/2 Twist |
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| WU Chengliang,HAO Weiya,XIAO Xiaofe,LI Xuhong,LOU Yantao.A Computer Simulation Research on the Balance Beam Taking off Movement of Salto forward Piked with 1/2 Twist[J].Journal of Chengdu Physical Education Institute,2016(5):101-106. |
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| Authors: | WU Chengliang HAO Weiya XIAO Xiaofe LI Xuhong LOU Yantao |
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| Abstract: | Objective:Taking off skill for aerial movements is key to high - difficulty routines in gymnastics balance beam event. The purpose of the present studyis to investigate the kinetics characteristics of taking off skill of the movement of salto forward piked with 1 / 2 twist (F180)in balance beam event. Methods:First,a F180 per-formed by a world champion (SUI Lu)was analyzed through 3D motion analysis method. Then a model of 19 segments of human body and balance beam model were developed through LifeMod software,and the take - off movement of F180 was simulated. Themodel was evaluated by a comparison between the actual performance and simulation results. Finally,the simulated loads in lower limb were analyzed in connectionwith the taking off skill. Results:During take - off of F180,the peaks of joint reaction force(JRF)among leg hip,knee and an-kle were increasedorderly. Balance beam reaction forces (BRF),JRFs and torques on the right side of the low-er limbs were greater than those in the left. In the both sagittal and frontal plane,torques in hips were greater than that in knees,and thenin ankles. The horizontal BRFs on the two feet were in closed magnitudes and in the directions to the median sagittal plane. Conclusion:In order to increase the stability of movement,the gymnast should land feet on the beam simultaneously and contract the feet towards the median plane in much closed forces during F180 take - off stage. Hip plays a major role in take - off of F180,and the right lower limb pro-duces a greater pushing force. The effective coordination of forces and torques in lower limbs provides vertical momentum and angular momentum for the taking off action of F180. |
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| Keywords: | Balance Beam Take - off Kinetics Computer Simulation |
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