| 辽中地区矿业城市环境空气质量变化及其影响因素分析 |
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| 作者姓名： | 顾康康 刘景双 陈昕 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 春 130012;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 京 100049;
3. 吉林省环境工程评估中心, 春 130051 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展973计划(2004CB418507)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 辽中地区矿业城市是中国重要的能源生产和重工业基地,研究其环境空气质量变化及其影响因素有利于改善空气质量恶化的现状,促进经济、生态协调发展.利用鞍山、抚顺和本溪的环境空气质量定点监测数据,采用Daniel的趋势检验方法分析了鞍山、抚顺和本溪2001~2006年市区环境空气质量的变化趋势,并探讨了主要影响因素.结果表明,2001~2006年,辽中地区矿业城市市区空气污染较为严重,月降尘、PM10全部年份超标严重,SO2部分年份超标,属于典型的煤烟型污染.鞍山市区各类污染物变化不显著,除SO2略呈上升趋势,其余污染物均呈下降趋势;抚顺市区除PM10呈显著下降趋势(p＜0.1),其余污染物均呈上升趋势,其中NO2呈显著上升趋势(p＜0.1);本溪市市区各类污染物均呈下降趋势.空气污染季节和空间差异显著,冬春季污染程度明显高于夏秋季,工业区、交通区显著高于居民区、清洁区.经济增长带来的能源需求压力、环境保护措施的实施,以及各个市区独特的地理位置和气象条件的相互作用,是辽中地区矿业城市市区空气环境质量变化的主要影响因子.因此,需要改善以煤炭为主的能源消费结构、加强机动车尾气排放管理、合理规划城市布局、从区域整体上提高大气环境容量,从而改善辽中地区矿业城市环境空气质量.
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| 关 键 词： | 环境空气质量 变化趋势 能源结构 影响因素 矿业城市 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-04-23 |
| 修稿时间： | 2008-06-10 |
Analysis of environmental air quality trends and driving factors of mining cities in central Liaoning |
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| Authors: | GU Kang-Kang |
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| Institution: | 1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China;
2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Appaisal Center of Environment Engineering of Jilin Province, Changchun 130051, China |
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| Abstract: | Since the mining cities in central Liaoning region are important energy production and heavy industry base in China, the research on their air quality trends and driving factors will improve the status of air quality deterioration and prompt the balanced development between economy and ecosystem. Based on the data of air quality from the long-term monitoring stations in Anshan, Fushun and Benxi, the air quality trends and driving factors of mining cities in central Liaoning during 2001 and 2006 were analyed by Daniel's trend test method. Results showed that: from 2001 to 2006, the urban air pollution was serious in the mining cities of central Liaoning. Based on the Ⅱ standard in "The standard of environmental air quality" (GB3095-1996), the dust each month and PM10 exceeded the standard all the years, the SO2 exceeded the standard in part years, so they showed a coal smoke pollution typically. The change of various pollutants in Anshan was not clear, while the SO2 concentration increased, and the other pollutants showed a downward trend; the PM10 concentration in Fushun showed a downward trend significantly(p<0.1), and the other pollutants showed an upward trend, the NO2 increased significantly(p<0.1); the various pollutants in Benxi showed a downward trend. The spatial-seasonal differentiation of air pollution was significant, the pollution concentration in winter and spring was higher than that in summer and autumn, and the pollution concentration in industry and traffic areas were significantly higher than that in residential and clean areas. The main driving factors of the environmental air quality trends of the mining cities in central Liaoning region were energy demand pressures, environmental protection measures, urban unique geographical location and weather conditions. Therefor, in order to improve the air quality of the mining cities in central Liaoning region, we should improve the energy consumption structure, strengthen motor vehicle emissions management, make a rational urban layout, increase the capacity of the atmospheric environment including all the cities in central Liaoning region. |
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| Keywords: | environmental air quality change trend energy structure driving factor mining cities |
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