| 露地和温室栽培模式下西兰花中3种农药的残留动态与风险评估 |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙彩霞 徐明飞 戴芬 郑蔚然 于国光 赵学平 |
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| 作者单位： | 浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所, 浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 农业部农药残留检测重点实验室, 杭州 310021 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省科技厅公益技术研究农业项目（2015C32006）和国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFF0213406）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 西兰花是中国典型的出口兼内销蔬菜品种。毒死蜱、辛硫磷和茚虫威是中国蔬菜生产中的常用农药。通过田间试验，对比这3种农药在露地和温室栽培模式下，按照推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量用药，在西兰花花球、叶片和土壤中的残留动态。样品采用QuEChERS方法处理和液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS/MS）多残留检测。验证结果表明：在质量比分别为0.02、0.2和1 mg/kg时，毒死蜱、辛硫磷和茚虫威的添加回收率分别为85.8%~101.0%、90.8%~105.3%和86.1%~107.5%。3种农药的最低检出限（LOD）为0.006 mg/kg，最低定量限（LOQ）为0.01 mg/kg，满足方法要求。残留动态结果表明：在西兰花花球上，毒死蜱的半衰期为5.53~7.20 d，辛硫磷为3.55~3.92 d，茚虫威为6.11~7.73 d；在西兰花叶片上，毒死蜱的半衰期为4.33~6.93 d，辛硫磷为3.85~5.77 d，茚虫威为3.85~5.33 d；在土壤中，毒死蜱的半衰期为23.1~34.6 d，辛硫磷为23.1~34.6 d，茚虫威为17.3~23.1 d。最终残留对比表明，3种农药在西兰花叶片的残留量高于花蕾的残留量。在试验剂量施用量条件下，茚虫威和毒死蜱的限量标准不会超过现有欧盟、日本、CAC标准；在高剂量使用条件下，辛硫磷会出现超标现象。
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| 关 键 词： | 毒死蜱 辛硫磷 茚虫威 西兰花 残留动态 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-05-02 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018-07-11 |
Dissipation dynamics and risk assessment of three pesticides in broccoli under greenhouse and open field conditions |
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| Authors: | SUN Caixia XU Mingfei DAI Fen ZHENG Weiran YU Guoguang ZHAO Xueping |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China |
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| Abstract: | Broccoli is a typical vegetable for both domestic consumption and exportation. Chlorpyrifos, phoxim, and indoxacarb are 3 pesticides used widely in plant protection. Field experiments were conducted to study the residues and dissipation dynamics of these pesticides in broccoli flowers and leaves, with 1 time and 1.5 times the recommended use dosage, under greenhouse and open field conditions. The samples were treated by the QuEChERS method and the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection. The method validation results showed that, with the concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, and 1 mg/kg, the recovery rates of chlorpyrifos, phoxim, and indoxacarb were 85.8%-101.0%,90.8%-105.3%, and 86.1%-107.5%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.006 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the method meets the detection requirement. The dissipation results showed that, in broccoli flowers, the half-lives were 5.53-7.20 d for chlorpyrifos, 3.55-3.92 d for phoxim, and 6.11-7.73 d for indoxacarb. While, in broccoli leaves, the half-lives were 4.33-6.93 d for chlorpyrifos, 3.85-5.77 d for phoxim, and 3.85-5.33 d for indoxacarb. In soil, the half-lives were 23.1-34.6 d for chlorpyrifos, 23.1-34.6 d for phoxim, and 17.3-23.1 d for indoxacarb. The final residues showed that, for these 3 pesticides, the residues in broccoli leaves were higher than these in broccoli flowers. With the trial application dosage, the final residues of chlorpyrifos and indoxacarb were lower than the MRLs in EU, Japan, and CAC. While for phoxim, the final residues with higher application dosage exceeded the MRLs. |
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| Keywords: | chlorpyrifos phoxim indoxacarb broccoli dissipation dynamics |
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