| 中国学生体质测试的演进历程及阶段特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 于红妍.中国学生体质测试的演进历程及阶段特征[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(10):113-118. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于红妍 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海交通大学，上海 200030;北京体育大学，北京 100084 |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市教育委员会科研（创新）项目资助,(项目编号：12ZS027) |
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| 摘 要： | 摘要：我国学生的体质健康问题一直得到了国家的高度重视。从1954年《准备劳动与卫国体育制度暂行条例》的颁布至今，中国学生体质测试的发展已有60年的历史。采用文献资料法和逻辑归纳法等研究方法，以中国学生体质测试在不同时期的发展特征为研究对象，对其60年的演进历程和阶段特征进行系统地回顾和总结。认为: 中国学生体质测试反映了不同时期国家政治、经济、社会的发展对学生体质健康的需求，它历经初步探索、停滞与恢复、快速发展、蓬勃发展、稳固发展等5个阶段，并在不同的发展阶段表现出：移植与模仿、军事化、达标化、“健康第一”以人为本、制度化和网络化、质量标准化和科学化等特征。2013年国家开始了新一轮的学生体质测试标准的修订工作，并于2014年7月7日公布了修订结果。重新修订的《国家学生体质健康标准》强化体质测试的激励、反馈以及引导锻炼的功能，结束了中国学生体质自《劳卫制》开始设有选测项目的历史，预示了未来中国学生体质测试高标准、严要求、全国一体化的发展格局。研究将为推动我国学生体质测试的快速发展提供有益的借鉴。
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| 关 键 词： | 关键词：体质测试 中国学生 演进历程 阶段特征 体质观 身体素质 《劳卫制》 《青少年体育锻炼标准》 《国家体育锻炼标准》 国家学生体质健康标准 |
| 收稿时间： | 5/7/2014 12:00:00 AM |
Evolution Course and Stage Feature of Student Physical Fitness Test in China |
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| YU Hong-yan.Evolution Course and Stage Feature of Student Physical Fitness Test in China[J].Journal of Beijing Sport University,2014,37(10):113-118. |
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| Authors: | YU Hong-yan |
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| Institution: | Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Chinese government has paid high attention to student physical fitness. Since the enactment of Labor and Country Defend System in 1954, student physical fitness test already has 60 years history in China. Took development features of Chinese student physical fitness test at different stages as research objects, this paper made a whole retrospect and conclusion of the 60 years history by the methods of literature review and logical induction. Results: Student physical fitness test reflected different needs of politic, economic and social development on student physical fitness at different time. The evolution course went through the following stages: preliminary exploration, stagnation and recovery, rapid growth, flourish growth, and solid growth. And they have features of transplant and imitation, militarization, standardization, people as foundation, institutionalization and networking, quality standardization, scientification in the different stages. Chinese government started a new round revision on student physical fitness test standard in 2013 and published it at July 7th, 2014. The new standard has strengthened its encouragement, feedback and conduct function, ended test item history which started from Labor and Country Defend System, and forecasted that in future Chinese student physical fitness test will be with high standard, strict demand, nationwide integration. We hope this article can provide a useful reference for rapid growth of Chinese student physical fitness test. |
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| Keywords: | Key words: physical fitness test Chinese student evolution course state feature physical fitness view physical fitness Labor and Country Defend System Youth Sports Exercise Standard National Sports Exercise Standard National Student Physical Fitness Health Standard |
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