| 马拉松竞技能力特点理论诠释 |
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| 引用本文： | 代永胜,王三保.马拉松竞技能力特点理论诠释[J].武汉体育学院学报,2001,53(12):94-100. |
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| 作者姓名： | 代永胜 王三保 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 湖北工业大学 体育学院, 湖北 武汉 430068;2. 武汉体育学院 田径教研室, 湖北 武汉 430079 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目（2006BAK37B01） |
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| 摘 要： | 运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法对马拉松项目竞技能力特点进行分析与重构。（1）马拉松项目整体特点是：马拉松是以有氧代谢为主的体能主导类长距离竞速项目，体能是核心、技战术是重点、心智是辅助。（2）马拉松项目的体能特点为：力量耐力、专项耐力、速度耐力和基础耐力是马拉松项目的主导体能运动素质。各耐力素质训练适宜区域为：5-15 km；30-35 km；20-30 km；40-50km。（3）马拉松项目技术特点：身体重心起伏小，前脚掌外侧着地过渡到全脚掌，没有扒地动作，前摆大腿不能抬起太高；上坡步长缩短、步频加快；下坡步长适当加大。（4）马拉松战术特点：熟悉路线与对手是首要；依5 km公里分段、按"时间储备"定目标是关键；半程保、大半程加、后6km冲刺是关键；一定阶段摆脱对手、拉开距离、独立控制与把握节奏是核心。
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| 关 键 词： | 运动训练学 马拉松 素质 体能 耐力 技术 项目特点 |
Theoretical Interpretation of Characteristics of Competitive Ability in Marathon |
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| DAI Yongsheng,WANG Sanbao.Theoretical Interpretation of Characteristics of Competitive Ability in Marathon[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education,2001,53(12):94-100. |
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| Authors: | DAI Yongsheng WANG Sanbao |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Sports, Hubei Univ. of Tech., Wuhan 430068, China;2. Track&Field Teaching&Research Office, Wuhan Sports Univ., Wuhan 430079 China |
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| Abstract: | In order to provide theoretical support and intellectual support for marathon in China, by means of literature review, expert interview and so on, the study reconstructed the five-capability features of the marathon project and found that:1) general characteristics of marathon:marathon was a physical-dominated long-distance race project based on aerobic metabolism, and the physical competence was the core, the techniques and tactics were the key, and the psychological state was complimentary; 2) physical characteristics of marathon:strength endurance, special endurance, speed endurance and basic endurance were the main physical competencies of the marathon. The suitable distances for each endurance quality training were:5-15km; 30-35km; 20-30km; 40-50km. 3) technical characteristics of marathon:the fluctuation of gravity of the body was low, the outside of the front sole was smoothly transited to the full sole without pawing movements, and the front-swing thighs could not be lifted too high, the step uphill shortened and the frequency accelerated; the stride length of the downhill was appropriately enlarged. 4) characteristics of marathon tactics:the familiar route and the opponent were the firstly important. According to the section of 5 km, it was the key to set the target according to the "time reservation", to insure the former half distance, accelerate in the latter half distance and sprint during the last 6 km of race were the key; to get rid of the opponent in a certain stage, enlarge the distance, control independently and grasp rhythm were at the core. |
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| Keywords: | sports training theory marathon physique fitness endurance skill characteristics |
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