The kinematic differences between accurate and inaccurate squash forehand drives for athletes of different skill levels期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

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The kinematic differences between accurate and inaccurate squash forehand drives for athletes of different skill levels

Authors:	Benjamin K Williams Ross H Sanders Joong Hyun Ryu Philip Graham-Smith Peter J Sinclair

Institution:	1. Sport Science Department, Aspire Academy , Doha, Qatar;2. Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia ben.williams@aspire.qahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-7009;4. Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-3048;5. Sport Science Department, Aspire Academy , Doha, Qatar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-190X;6. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra , Canberra, Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-7639;7. Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-9561

Abstract:	ABSTRACT To maintain the accuracy of squash shots under varying conditions, such as the oncoming ball’s velocity and trajectory, players must adjust their technique. Although differences in technique between skilled and less-skilled players have been studied, it is not yet understood how players vary their technique in a functional manner to maintain accuracy under varying conditions. This study compared 3-dimensional joint and racket kinematics and their variability between accurate and inaccurate squash forehand drives of 9 highly skilled and 9 less-skilled male athletes. During inaccurate shots, less-skilled players hit the ball with a more open racket, demonstrating a difference in this task-relevant parameter. No joint kinematic differences were found for accuracy for either group. Coordinated joint rotations at the elbow and wrist both displayed a “zeroing-in” effect, whereby movement variability was reduced from the initiation of propulsive joint rotation to a higher consistency at ball-impact; potentially highlighting the “functionality” of the variability prior to the impact that enabled consistent task-relevant parameters (racket orientation and velocity) under varying conditions. Further, highly skilled players demonstrated greater consistency of task-relevant parameters at impact than less-skilled players. These findings highlight the superior ability of highly skilled players to adjust their technique to achieve consistent task-relevant parameters and a successful shot.

Keywords:	Biomechanics motor control squash racquet forehand drive

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