| 冬奥会金牌区域归属与格局演变 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘志华.冬奥会金牌区域归属与格局演变[J].冰雪运动,2014(3):21-26. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘志华 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东工艺美术学院体育教研室,山东济南250014 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对1924~2014年举办过的22届冬季奥运会金牌数及区域归属进行分类统计,分析各区域金牌的动态变化及竞技格局的演变。得出结论 :竞技格局呈现出强者恒强的态势,强势区域与弱势区域界限清晰,两级分化严重,长时间内会继续维持,弱势区域很难升级到强势区域。以俄罗斯、德国、挪威、美国为代表的欧美强势国形成长期性区域垄断,项目发展相对均衡;较强国家项目发展不均衡,存在明显的选择性优势;弱势国家根据各自的国情,有重点地选择性突破,形成了良好的发展态势。强势区域的激烈竞争,弱势区域的突破崛起,导致金牌分布趋于分散,各区域的竞技实力差距在此消彼长中逐渐减小。我国应根据竞技格局演变规律,结合区域特点规划竞技项目,实现冬、夏奥运会的和谐发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 冬奥会 金牌 竞技区域 格局演变 |
Regional Distribution and Its Pattern Evolution of the Winter Olympics Gold Medals |
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| LIU Zhi-hua.Regional Distribution and Its Pattern Evolution of the Winter Olympics Gold Medals[J].China Winter Sports,2014(3):21-26. |
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| Authors: | LIU Zhi-hua |
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| Institution: | LIU Zhi-hua (Physical Education Department, Shandong University of Art and Design, Jinan 250014, China) |
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| Abstract: | Through the quantitative statistics and regional distribution of the 22 games＆#39; gold medals of Winter Olympics from 1924 to 2014,the paper analyzes the dynamic change and pattern evolution of various regional gold medals. It draws a conclusion that the competitive pattern shows the strong is always strong,the polarization is serious with the legible boundary between strong area and weak area,a weak one is difficult to upgrade into strong area for a long time. European and American powers represented by Russia,Germany,Norway and USA have long-term regional monopoly with balanced development. The common countries obviously show selective advantage with unbalanced development, and the weak countries have well development trend by giving priority to choose the breakthrough according to respective national conditions.The fierce competition in the strong area and the rise of some weak ones result in a dispersed trend of gold medals distribution,the difference of competitive strength in various areas is diminishing in the shift. It should be to achieve the harmonious development of winter and summer Olympics in China by project planning based on the regional characteristics according to the evolution rule of competitive pattern. |
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| Keywords: | Winter Olympics gold medal competitive region pattern evolution |
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