| 轻负荷半蹲起下肢力增加速率与各种肌肉收缩运动表现的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 李志远,李玉章,陈亮.轻负荷半蹲起下肢力增加速率与各种肌肉收缩运动表现的关系[J].中国体育科技,2020(2):64-70. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李志远 李玉章 陈亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 福建师范大学;上海体育学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金项目(15CTY019)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的:探讨各种轻负荷条件下半蹲起力-时间曲线特征和力增加速率与各种肌肉收缩运动表现的相关性;分析轻负荷抗阻练习与等长、等动及纵跳动作的下肢发力特征间的内在生物力学联系。方法:募集日本筑波大学9名男子运动员,在测力台上进行不同负荷的半蹲起(Half-squat,HS)以获取地面反作用数据(GRF),进而计算出力增加速率(RFD)。进行最大负荷(>1RM)的静力收缩以测得最大力量(Fmax),进行各种纵跳练习(SJ、CMJ、RJ)以测得跳跃能力参数;采用多关节等速测力系统测取不同角速度下的膝伸展峰力矩(Peak torque,PT);采用Pearson相关系数反映不同负荷半蹲起RFD值与最大力量、跳跃能力和等速膝伸展峰力矩间的相关关系。结果:1)轻负荷半蹲起动作的平均发力时间在0.2 s以内,RFD值在0~60 ms区间内相近或相等;2)20 kg、40 kg和60 kg半蹲起RFD值与Fmax之间无相关关系(P>0.05),60 kg半蹲起RFD值与300°/s条件下的膝伸展PT存在显著性正相关(P<0.01);3)CMJ-JH和RJ-JH显著高于SJ-JH(P<0.01),而RJ的RFD值显著大于SJ和CMJ(P<0.01);4)40 kg半蹲起RFD值与SJ-JH、CMJ-JH之间存在显著性正相关(P<0.05);5)RFD与Fpeak和T-Fpeak之间分别存在显著性正相关和负相关(P<0.05),但Fpeak和T-Fpeak之间未存在相关关系(P>0.05)。结论:轻负荷半蹲起可以作为短跑、游泳等项目运动员起动力量训练手段,以减少起跑和起跳入水的反应时,强化起点技术;在20~60 kg负荷范围内,RFD值在短时间内保持相对恒定;轻负荷半蹲起在保持高输出功率的同时,具有更加高速的发力特征,可作为提高优秀运动员纵跳能力的有效练习手段。
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| 关 键 词： | 优秀运动员 力增加速率 肌肉收缩样式 相关性 |
Relationship between Rate of Force Development on Lower Limb in Light Load Half-squat and Various Muscle Contractile Movements |
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| LI Zhiyuan,LI Yuzhang,CHEN Liang.Relationship between Rate of Force Development on Lower Limb in Light Load Half-squat and Various Muscle Contractile Movements[J].China Sport Science and Technology,2020(2):64-70. |
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| Authors: | LI Zhiyuan LI Yuzhang CHEN Liang |
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| Institution: | (Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China) |
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| Abstract: | Objective: The paper investigated the characteristics of force-time curve in various light load half-squat, and the relations between RFD and various muscle contractile movements,and analyzed the inherent biomechanical relations between light load resistance exercises and the characteristics of force production of lower limb extremity of isometric, isokinetic, various vertical jump movement. Methods: 9 male athletes were recruited from Tsukuba University in Japan. The vertical ground reaction force data was collected by force platform, and RFD value of different light load half-squat was calculated. Maximal force(Fmax) in isometric squat(>1 RM) was measured, and the parameter of vertical jump was calculated from various vertical jump exercises(SJ, CMJ, RJ). Moreover, knee extension peak torque(PT) in different angular velocities was measured by using multi-joint power measuring apparatus. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to detect RFD value and maximal force, vertical jump ability, isokinetic knee extension peak torque. Results: 1) the mean time of force production in light load half-squat was less than 0.2 s. RFD value was close or equal in 0-60 ms interval;2) there were no correlation between RFD value in 20 kg, 40 kg, 60 kg half-squat and Fmax(P>0.05), and there was significant correlation between RFD value in 60 kg half-squat and PT in 300°/s(P<0.05);3) CMJ-JH and RJ-JH were significantly higher than SJ-JH(P<0.05), and RFD values of RJ were significantly higher than SJ and CMJ(P<0.05);4) there was significantly positive correlation between RFD in HS 40 kg and SJ-JH, CMJ-JH(P<0.05);5) there were significant positive and negative correlations between RFD and Fpeak, T-Fpeak, respectively(P<0.05). However, no correlation between Fpeakand T-Fpeak(P>0.05). Conclusion: The light load half squat can be used as the training means of starting strength in sprint, swimming and so on, to reduce the reaction of starting and take-off into water, and then to strengthen the starting point technology;within the 20~60 kg load range, the RFD value remains relatively constant for a short period;compared with maximal force exercise, the light load half-squat maintains high output power as well as higher speed at shorter time, which can be used as a special strength training method to improve the jumping ability of elite athletes. |
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| Keywords: | elite athletes rate of force development muscle contraction style correlation |
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