| Abstract: | The identity of x-rays was initially mysterious, their connotations including morbidity and the otherworldly. Gradually they became routine, finding a place in the high-energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radiologists established a niche in hospitals, contributing to the industrialization of healthcare. Control of x-ray tube output was improved while an infrastructure enforcing radiation protection accompanied the continued growth of the field. X-ray diffraction proved a powerful tool with which to examine substances at the atomic scale. Since 1950, x-ray researchers have taken advantage of synchrotrons’ copious production of continuous x-ray spectra, and the marriage of x-rays with electronics has led to a cornucopia of cheap and highly efficient analytical tools. |
