| “农超对接”过程中的订单违约问题研究 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 杨浩雄,孙祎琪,马家骥.“农超对接”过程中的订单违约问题研究[J].科研管理,2019,40(6):225-233. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 杨浩雄 孙祎琪 马家骥 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 北京工商大学商学院,北京100048;首都流通业研究基地,北京 100048;北京工商大学商学院,北京,100048 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 教育部人文社会科学研究项目;北京市哲学社会科学研究重点项目 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 在“农超对接”过程中，时常会出现订单违约问题。文章根据对宁夏回族自治区“农超对接”发展情况的调研结果，建立“农超对接”订单违约问题的多智能体仿真模型，揭示“农超对接”过程中订单违约问题的影响因素并回访验证。研究结果表明：（1）农户违约率与农产品价格增长百分比呈同向变化。（2）合作社和超市违约率与农产品合格率呈反向变化。（3）合作社可以通过信息传递向农户产生积极的引导作用，单个农户会受到其他农户“群体偏好”的影响而做出继续参加合作社或退出合作社的抉择。（4）政府对于“农超对接”的政策扶持可以在短期内可以提高“农超对接”的履约率；从长期的角度来说，组织农户科技水平的提高对于“农超对接”的促进效果要高于政府政策扶持水平对于“农超对接”的促进作用。
|
| 关 键 词： | “农超对接” 订单违约 农产品供应链 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-03-29 |
A research on the order default for “farmer-supermarket direct-purchase” |
| |
| Yang Haoxiong,Sun Yiqi,Ma Jiaji.A research on the order default for “farmer-supermarket direct-purchase”[J].Science Research Management,2019,40(6):225-233. |
| |
| Authors: | Yang Haoxiong Sun Yiqi Ma Jiaji |
| |
| Institution: | 1. School of Business, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
2. Capital Circulation Industry Research Base, Beijing 100048, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Agricultural products are essential for human life. In order to alleviate the problem of agricultural products unsalable, the Chinese government has issued a series of policies to encourage farmers, rural cooperatives and supermarkets to develop the "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" model, which reducing the intermediate circulation of agricultural products, and supermarkets are connected with farmers through rural cooperatives so that the agricultural products produced by the farmers can directly flow into the terminal market. Meanwhile, the market can trace the agricultural products. The essence of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" is to introduce modern agricultural product circulation mode for rural areas, optimize the agricultural supply chain, connect small-scale and scattered farmers with the vast market, and build an integrated chain of production and sales under the conditions of market economy, which could provide better quality agricultural products for consumers and achieve a win-win situation for all parties in the supply chain. With the continuous application of the "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" model in various parts of China, some problems have also been exposed. One of the most important problems is the breach of contract. Since farmers, rural cooperatives, and supermarket subjects tend to pay more attention to their own profits, there is a potential for default. After the price changes in the external market of agricultural products, the subjects of the "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" system will often lead to breach of contract, interrupting "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" contract. At present, it is urgent to systematically analyze and study the problem of order default in the process of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase", reduce the default behavior of the subjects in the "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" system, and ensure that the "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" mode can continue to be carried out smoothly and orderly in China.In order to deeply explore the problem of order default and its mechanism in "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase", this paper intends to innovate from the research method, improve on the typical "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" mode, and focus on the default of participants. In this paper, the Agent simulation technology is used to quantitatively analyze the agricultural supply chain composed of farmers, rural cooperatives and supermarkets, and a multi-agent simulation model of the order default problem of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" is established. Moreover, this paper intends to innovate from the perspective of research, study the relationship between the three parties and the mechanism of interaction, and propose policy recommendations, which has theoretical research value. In addition, this paper relies on the investigation results of the development of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and reveals the factors that influenced the order default for "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase", and verified the results by a return visit, which has practical significance.This paper usesAnyLogic to analyze Agent-based modeling and simulation research. This paper mainly deals with three types of Agents: farmers, rural cooperatives and supermarkets. It is assumed that in certain situations, the behavior of each subject in "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" will be influenced by price, quality and group preference. The subject of different attributes will make different decisions on different influencing factors. Moreover, in the operation of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase", different subjects will evaluate the utility of the order, and weigh the utility and cost of performing the contract. If the assessment result is positive, it indicates that each subject believes that the utility of the performance is greater than the cost and will perform the contract; on the contrary, if the result of the assessment is negative, the contract will be abrandoned and the breach will occur. In the order default problem of “farmer-supermarket direct-purchase” of this paper, when considering the price preference of each subject, it is assumed that a certain part of the subject belongs to a price-sensitive subject, which is susceptible to price fluctuations; when considering the quality preferences of different subjects, it is assumed that a certain part of the subject belongs to a quality continuous improvement subject, which is more inclined to improve the agricultural products’ quality; when considering the group preference of each subject, it is assumed that a certain part of farmer belongs to the follow-up farmer, which is more susceptible to the influence of other subjects to change their decision-making.The results of this paper indicate that: firstly, the higher agricultural price rise, the more default rates of farmers increased, while for rural cooperatives and supermarkets, price fluctuations have little impact on the default rate. Secondly, the qualified rate of agricultural products has little impact on the default rate of farmers, while the lower qualified rates, the higher default rates of rural cooperatives and supermarkets. Thirdly, rural cooperatives could lead to positive changes through information delivery. An individual farmer could make a decision between continuing to join in cooperative and dropping out of it, based on other farmers’ group preference. Finally, the supportive policy to "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" can increase the compliance rate of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" in a short time; in the long run, the effect of technology improvement is more significant than the effect of supportive policy in promoting direct-purchase.Based on the conclusions obtained in this paper, this paper proposes the following policies to reduce the default rates in "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase". Firstly, formulate a "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" agreement of reasonable purchase price range of agricultural products, reducing the subjects’ loss caused by the excessive fluctuation of agricultural products’ price. Secondly, formulate agricultural product quality standards, improving the standardization level of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" and improving the traceability system of agricultural products. At the same time, organize rural cooperatives to provide technical guidance and training to farmers to increase the agricultural science and technology level of farmers. Thirdly, continuously improve the degree of organization in the production process of agricultural products, and strengthen the exemplary role of rural cooperatives. Meanwhile, it will benefit the supply chain to strengthen the comprehensive functions of rural cooperatives in centralized procurement, unified sales, technical services and financial insurance. Finally, further formulate and implement the relevant preferential policies in the "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase" and develop the pilot project of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase". And in the implementation of "farmer-supermarket direct-purchase", further policy concessions and rewards will be given to the subjects who have played an exemplary role and made outstanding contributions. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《科研管理》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《科研管理》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
