| 新兴技术实践伦理的困境与应对 |
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| 引用本文： | 新兴技术实践伦理的困境与应对.新兴技术实践伦理的困境与应对[J].科学学研究,2023,41(1):11-17. |
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| 作者姓名： | 新兴技术实践伦理的困境与应对 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 东北大学科学技术与社会研究中心;2. 东北大学; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA020)； |
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| 摘 要： | 为应对来自技术的伦理问题，国内外学者提出了多种实践伦理方法。新兴技术作为尚未投产及仍处研发阶段的一系列尖端技术的总和，其自身具有不确定性和巨大影响力这两大特点。因此由新兴技术所带来的伦理问题相较一般技术而言也有其独特特征，并由此在实践伦理过程中产生了相应的困境，其特点主要为后果更难以预测、范围和程度更大、更为复杂多元，并且较难得到公众理解。为应对新兴技术实践伦理的困境应将研究对象从新兴技术转向新兴技术实践过程，把问题还原到实践本身，通过对实践场域及实践主体行动逻辑的认识弥补实证性经验材料的不足。新兴技术实践伦理从研发、投产、使用、治理四个实践场域分别入手，在每个实践场域中靶向性地匹配伦理原则、理论方法。对研发设计进行调解，优化投产及使用过程，并在技术治理中寻求解决路径。
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| 关 键 词： | 新兴技术 实践场域 伦理问题 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-03 |
Practical Ethics of Emerging Technology: Dilemma and Countermeasures |
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| Abstract: | In order to deal with the ethical problems from technology, scholars at home and abroad have put forward a variety of methods for practicing ethics . As the sum of a series of cutting-edge technologies that have not been put into production and are still in the R&D stage, emerging technologies have two characteristics: uncertainty and great influence. Therefore, the ethical problems brought by emerging technologies also have their unique characteristics compared with general technologies, and thus produce corresponding dilemma in the process of practicing ethics. Its main characteristics are that the consequences are more difficult to predict, the scope and degree are larger, more complex and diverse, and it is more difficult to be understood by the public. In order to deal with the dilemma faced by Practical Ethics of Emerging Technology, we should turn the research object from the emerging technology to the emerging technology practice process. Restore the problem to the practice itself, and make up for the lack of empirical experience materials through the understanding of the practice field and the action logic of the practice subject. Practical Ethics of Emerging Technology starts from the four practice fields of R&D, production, use and governance respectively. It aims to match ethical principles and theoretical methods in each practice fields. Mediate R&D design, optimize production and use process, and seek solutions in technical governance. |
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