| 北京耕地流失的时空特征与驱动机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙强,蔡运龙,王乐.北京耕地流失的时空特征与驱动机制[J].资源科学,2007,29(4):158-163. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙强 蔡运龙 王乐 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学资源环境与地理学系、土地科学中心,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京,100871 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用1996年和2004年北京市两期土地利用图，提取各类用地的图斑，运用GIS技术和数理统计方法，分析了1996年～2004年间北京耕地流失的特点及其影响因素。结果发现：1996年～2004年北京土地利用变化中，大多数地类转换都与耕地直接有关，耕地流失是北京土地利用变化的核心问题；城镇扩展主要占用耕地，且耕地生产力高的平原地区因建设占用而流失的耕地量大；远郊山区耕地被建设占用的压力相对较小，但被生态用地占用的压力相对较大；1996年～2004年间，尽管耕地面积减少，但耕地破碎化程度却在加重；地形和交通状况对耕地的空间变化过程影响显著。本文研究表明，第三产业的快速发展是促使北京地区耕地流失的最主要的动力, 由此带来的居民生活水平提高对北京耕地变化的解释力最强，恰好与前人相关研究结论相互印证；人口快速增长、区域土地市场过度竞争、农业结构调整及退耕还林政策也是北京耕地流失的重要驱动因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 耕地流失 土地利用 时空特征 驱动机制 北京 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588（2007）04-0158-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-10-022007-01-23 |
Temporal-Spatial Processes of Farmland Conversion and Its Driving Mechanisms in Beijing |
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| SUN Qiang,CAI Yun-long and WANG Le.Temporal-Spatial Processes of Farmland Conversion and Its Driving Mechanisms in Beijing[J].Resources Science,2007,29(4):158-163. |
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| Authors: | SUN Qiang CAI Yun-long and WANG Le |
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| Abstract: | Non-agricultural use of farmland and the problems associated have been thematic issues worldwide.China is also facing many land use problems brought by fast economic growth,urbanization and industrialization with fast farmland losing as prices.Taking Beijing as a case,the temporal-spatial processes of farmland conversion and its driving mechanisms were discussed in this paper.Based on the land-use dataset in 1996 and 2001,digital topography and transportation maps and social-economic statistic data from 1986 to 2004,the land use change information in Beijing was extracted.The effects of human activities on farmland change process were explored by GIS and the driving forces of cultivated land change were investigated.It is found that : 1)Farmland loss is the main character of land use in Beijing from 1996 to 2004,the conversions of all land use kinds are related to farmland change;among various factors threatening the sustainability of farmland,the most outstanding and the most serious one was the occupation on farmland for building and industry development because of urban expansion;the farmland loss is mostly those high quality land in the plain area;2)The topography and transportation situations show the obvious effect on the farmland distribution;most farmland distributes and changes in the plain area of low elevation;the cultivated land-use intensity decreased obviously with the increase of distance from the main communication arteries;3)The rapid development of tertiary-industry is the main driving force of farmland loss in Beijing,which helped more and more people obtain employment and activated more and more demands of real estate;the correlation coefficient between the tertiary-industry production and the per capita income of staff and workers is 0.994,which can well explain the farmland change of Beijing from 1986 to 2004;farmland loss is also driven by rapid population increase,regional land market malignant competition, the structural adjustment of agricultural land and ecological construction policy. |
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| Keywords: | Farmland losing Land use Temporal-spatial Processes Drive mechanisms Beijing China |
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