| 传统农业区稻田多个物种共存对病虫草害的生态控制效应——以贵州省从江县为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 张丹,成升魁,杨海龙,何露,焦雯珺,刘珊,闵庆文.传统农业区稻田多个物种共存对病虫草害的生态控制效应——以贵州省从江县为例[J].资源科学,2011,33(6):1032-1037. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张丹 成升魁 杨海龙 何露 焦雯珺 刘珊 闵庆文 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 环保公益项目（编号：201009020）；联合国千年发展目标基金项目（编号：UNJP/CPR/040/SPA）；FAO-GEF/GIAHS项目：“全球重要农业文化遗产保护与适应性管理”（编号:GCP/GLO/212/GEF）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文运用半试验与调查相结合的方法,以贵州省从江县传统农业地区的糯稻和杂交稻为例,研究了传统品种和现代品种在水稻单作(R)、稻-鱼(R-F)和稻-鱼-鸭(R-F-D)3种不同稻作方式下,稻田多个物种共存对稻田生态系统主要病虫草害及蜘蛛的影响。结果表明,就水稻品种而言,糯稻在3种稻作方式下的抑制杂草能力均优于杂交稻,糯稻田与杂交稻田的稻飞虱虫量、稻纵卷叶螟虫量以及蜘蛛量差异不显著,杂交稻在3种稻作方式下的抗稻瘟病能力显著高于糯稻。就稻作方式而言,R-F-D显著降低了田间杂草的发生密度,对稻田杂草鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、节节菜(Rotala indica)等的抑制效果达到100%,总体抑制效果显著优于其它的稻作方式;R-F-D系统的稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟虫量较水稻单作明显减少;R-F系统的蜘蛛数量最高;R-F-D系统的抗稻瘟病性最好。
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| 关 键 词： | 稻田多物种共存 杂草 稻飞虱 蜘蛛 稻纵卷叶螟 稻瘟病 生态控制 |
Ecological Control Effects on Pest, Pathogen and Weed of Multiple Species Coexistence in Paddy Fields in Traditional Agricultural Regions |
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| ZHANG Dan,CHENG Shengkui,YANG Hailong,HE Lu,JIAO Wenjun,LIU Shan and MIN Qingwen.Ecological Control Effects on Pest, Pathogen and Weed of Multiple Species Coexistence in Paddy Fields in Traditional Agricultural Regions[J].Resources Science,2011,33(6):1032-1037. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Dan CHENG Shengkui YANG Hailong HE Lu JIAO Wenjun LIU Shan and MIN Qingwen |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Agriculture has flourished in China since time immemorial. One of the legacies of the time-honored agricultural development in China has been varied farming practices that adapt well to different natural conditions. Value of these traditional practices or models is rediscovered and cherished today when the so-called modern agriculture fails to be sustainable due to a variety of ecological and health problems and risks introduced by modern systems. Among plenty of traditional agricultural practices or models, some ecological principles were revealed, but significant philosophies of other traditional agricultural systems remain unknown. However, the area of traditional agriculture in China is rapidly shrinking. To that end, it is critical to investigating traditional agricultural practices and models. Understanding the role of agrobiodiversity as a contributor to sustainable agriculture, evaluation of its functions was performed in this study. Agrobiodiversity is most likely to enhance ecosystem stability and productivity when a unique or complementary effect is added to the ecosystem. Performing a semi-experiment combined with the random sampling investigation technique, modern and traditional rice varieties in different farming systems were investigated, i.e., 1) rice monoculture (R); 2) rice-fish culture (R-F); and 3) rice-fish-duck culture (R-F-D). Results show that the glutinous rice in every farming system had a lower weed density than that of the hybrid ones. There was no significant difference in the density of rice planthoppers, spider, rice leave roller (Cnaphalocrocis medialis Guenee) between glutinous rice and hybrid ones. The hybrid rice in every farming system had a lower incidence of Blast disease than that of the glutinous ones. Concerning the farming systems, under R-F-D, the weed density in paddy fields decreased significantly, and the control effects on weed species such as Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.), Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne were 100%, with an overall effect higher than other farming systems. Compared with R, under R-F-D, the density of rice planthoppers and rice leave roller decreased significantly, while ducks preyed on spiders, which reduced the number of spiders. R-F-D had a lower incidence of Blast disease than that of other farming systems. |
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| Keywords: | Multiple species coexistence in paddy fields Weeds Rice planthoppers Spider Cnaphalocrocis medialis Guenee Blast disease Ecological control |
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