| 基于渔获统计的西北太平洋渔业资源可持续利用评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 丁琪,陈新军,李纲,方舟.基于渔获统计的西北太平洋渔业资源可持续利用评价[J].资源科学,2013,35(10):2032-2040. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丁琪 陈新军 李纲 方舟 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(编号: NSFC41276156);国家863计划(编号: 2012AA092303);国家发改委产业化专项(编号: 2159999);上海市科技创新行动计划(编号: 12231203900). |
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| 摘 要： | 可持续利用评价是确保渔业资源可持续开发的基础.本文根据联合国粮农组织提供的1950-2010年西北太平洋渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种的营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的海洋无脊椎动物的营养级,探讨61年期间西北太平洋渔获物平均营养级的变化情况,以此来判定其渔业资源可持续利用状况.研究认为,西北太平洋渔获物平均营养级大体可分为5个阶段: 1950-1961年,其渔获物平均营养级基本保持不变,稳定在3.40~3.45 间;1962-1973 年,平均营养级呈振荡上升并达到历史最高值的3.58;1974-1987年,平均营养级由最高值下降至历史最低值的3.35;1989-2010年,平均营养级出现了先下降后稳步上升的趋势,并稳定在3.41~3.45间.若仅统计营养级大于3.25渔获种类的产量时,其渔获物平均营养级从1988年开始出现稳定下降,从1988年最高的4.05逐步下降到2005年的3.84,并在2006-2010年稳定在3.84~3.86间.营养级平衡指数(FIB)在1950-1973年持续上升,1974-1987年间出现下降,1988年则大幅上升,1989-2010年间在波动中下降.研究认为,西北太平洋海域渔业资源开发已经出现“捕捞对象沿着海洋食物网向下移动”的现象,其渔获物平均营养级降低表明海洋生态系统结构和功能遭到破坏,且平均营养级的下降主要是由过度捕捞所引起.
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| 关 键 词： | 西北太平洋 渔业资源 可持续利用 平均营养级 渔获统计 营养级平衡指数 |
Catch Statistics and the Sustainable Utilization of Northwest Pacific Ocean Fishery Resources |
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| DING Qi,CHEN Xinjun,LI Gang and FANG Zhou.Catch Statistics and the Sustainable Utilization of Northwest Pacific Ocean Fishery Resources[J].Resources Science,2013,35(10):2032-2040. |
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| Authors: | DING Qi CHEN Xinjun LI Gang and FANG Zhou |
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| Institution: | College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;National Pelagic Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China;The Key Laboratory of Foundation of Province and Ministry of Education for Oceanic Fisheries Resources Sustainable Exploitation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;National Pelagic Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China;The Key Laboratory of Foundation of Province and Ministry of Education for Oceanic Fisheries Resources Sustainable Exploitation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | Evaluating sustainable utilization is the foundation of the sustainable development of fishery resources. Using data provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)of United Nations,integrated with trophic levels of related fish species and trophic levels of invertebrates,we estimated the state of fishery resources and fluctuations in the mean trophic level of catch in the northwest Pacific Ocean from 1950 to 2010. We found that the mean trophic level of catch could be divided into five stages: (1)from 1950 to1961,mean trophic level of catch were almost constant and between 3.40 and 3.45;(2)from 1962 to1973,mean trophic level increased to the maximum value 3.58;(3)from 1974 to 1987,mean trophic level decreased from the peak value to the minimum value 3.35;(4)from 1988 to 2010,mean trophic level showed declining trend but afterwards increasing,and kept steady between 3.41 and 3.45;and(5)considering species whose trophic level is higher than 3.25,mean trophic level declined from 4.05 in 1988 to 3.84 in 2005, and kept its value between 3.84 and 3.86 from 2006 to 2010. The fish-in-balance index(FIB)rose continually from 1950 to 1973,declined during 1974 and 1987,rose sharply in 1988,and declined in volatility from 1989 to 2010. Our results show that fisheries in the northwest Pacific Ocean follows the phenomenon of'fishing down marine food webs'. The reduction in mean trophic level indicates that the structure and function of the marine ecosystem has been destroyed,as changes in mean trophic level are mainly caused by overfishing. |
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| Keywords: | Northwest Pacific Ocean Fishery resources Sustainable utilization Mean trophic level Catch statistics Fish-in-balance index |
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